Comparison of radiosensitivity among different silkworm strains with respect to the killing effect on the embryos

Murakami, Akio

doi:10.1016/0027-5107(69)90013-x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Silkworm has been used in studies on radiation biology, radiation genetics, and radiation entomology, resulting in the accumulation of data on radiation effects [24][25][26][27][28][29] . These data are essential to understand the consequences of radiation in silkworms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of morphological abnormalities in silkworm pupae after feeding 137CsCl-supplemented diet to evaluate the effects of low dose-rate exposure

Tanaka

Kinouchi

Fujii

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, morphological abnormalities in lepidopteran insects, such as shrinkage and/or aberration of wings, have been reported. Butterflies experimentally exposed to radiocesium also show such abnormalities. However, because of a lack of data on absorbed dose and dose–effect relationship, it is unclear whether these abnormalities are caused directly by radiation. We conducted a low dose-rate exposure experiment in silkworms reared from egg to fully developed larvae on a 137CsCl-supplemented artificial diet and estimated the absorbed dose to evaluate morphological abnormalities in pupal wings. We used 137CsCl at 1.3 × 103 Bq/g fresh weight to simulate 137Cs contamination around the FDNPP. Absorbed doses were estimated using a glass rod dosimeter and Monte Carlo particle transport simulation code PHITS. Average external absorbed doses were approximately 0.24 (on diet) and 0.016 mGy/day (near diet); the average internal absorbed dose was approximately 0.82 mGy/day. Pupal wing structure is sensitive to radiation exposure. However, no significant differences were observed in the wing-to-whole body ratio of pupae between the 137CsCl-exposure and control groups. These results suggest that silkworms are insensitive to low dose-rate exposure due to chronic ingestion of high 137Cs at a high concentration.

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confidence: 99%

Observation of morphological abnormalities in silkworm pupae after feeding 137CsCl-supplemented diet to evaluate the effects of low dose-rate exposure

Tanaka

Kinouchi

Fujii

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Quantitative information on the response of insect cells, either in situ or in zlitro, is virtually non-existent. Insect eggs have been used in a few investigations of cellular phenomena in radiation biology, but the only data applicable to dose-response relationships are those of Murakami (1969Murakami ( , 1970, who has taken advantage of the synchronous division that occurs during the early embryonic development of Bombyx mori. The usefulness of insect cell-cultures in delineating growth requirements and in propagating viruses has attracted far more attention than their potential for radiobiological investigations and other studies of cellular responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Ducoff¹

1972

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. Irradiation of adult insects of many orders leads to their death. There is considerable evidence that such death occurs during a limited time period, both the beginning and duration of which are relatively independent of the dose over a wide range. This suggests the operation of a specific lethal syndrome. In other groups of insects, particularly Diptera and many moths, either the absence of somatic‐cell division or the short life of the imago prevents the development of this syndrome. These latter groups require much higher doses of radiation for the induction of demonstrable mortality, and the time‐course of mortality is closely related to the size of the dose. 2. Superficially, at least, radiation death of adult Diptera is comparable to that of supralethally irradiated insects of the taxa which exhibit the specific lethal syndrome after lower doses. There are some observations suggesting that the nervous system becomes involved after these high doses, just as there are for mammals exposed to high doses. 3. There is also some evidence, very convincing in itself, although available only from a small number of experiments, that the specific syndrome observed after lower lethal or mid‐lethal doses is a consequence of damage to the midgut, particularly to its regenerative cells. This clearly is analogous to the intestinal syndrome of mammals; as in the mammal, the processes which intervene between the cellular damage and the death of the organism remain in the realm of conjecture or controversy. This appears to be one of several areas in which more detailed investigation of the radiobiological phenomenon is certain to provide valuable information on normal physiological activities. 4. The response of insects differs greatly from that of mammals in that effects on disease‐resistance mechanisms, both cellular and humoral, are not prominent. The dose required for unequivocal demonstration of such effects may be greater than the dose required to produce lethality. If endogenous infection contributes to lethality after irradiation of otherwise healthy insects, there is, as yet, no convincing evidence for it. Nevertheless, radiation may provide a useful tool for probing the mechanisms of disease resistance of insects, and for examining the regulation and the kinetics of haemocyte formation. In addition, irradiated insects might be used to select virulent strains of potential insect pathogens. 5. Quantitative information on the response of insect cells, either in situ or in zlitro, is virtually non‐existent. Insect eggs have been used in a few investigations of cellular phenomena in radiation biology, but the only data applicable to dose‐response relationships are those of Murakami (1969, 1970), who has taken advantage of the synchronous division that occurs during the early embryonic development of Bombyx mori. The usefulness of insect cell‐cultures in delineating growth requirements and in propagating viruses has attracted far more attention than their potential for radiobiological investigations and other st...

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“…Compared with the non-mammal models such as Drosophila, zebra fish and Salamandra laurenti, there is not biosafety issues since silkworm can't survive outside, which is also suitable for handling during injection [17][18]. Different strains of silkworm have different sensitivity to the analytes [19][20], it is better to choose more than one strain of silkworms for affirming the result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo toxicity evaluation of boron nitride nanosheets with different sizes by silkworm model

Andoh¹,

Liu²,

Ma³

2021

Preprint

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Boron nitride nanosheets (BN NSs), a novel material with great potential in biomedical applications, have attracted great attention due to its extraordinary properties. A crucial issue is the toxicity of BN NSs, which depends greatly on various factors, including size. The size may affect viability of cells due to the interactions between BN NSs and cell membranes. In this study, two kinds of silkworms (qiufeng × baiyu, Nistari 7019) were used as models to investigate the toxicity of BN NSs with different sizes (BN NSs-1: thickness of 41.5 nm, average diameter of about 200 nm; BN NSs-2: thickness of 48.2 nm, average diameter of about 500 nm) from the levels of animal entirety (silkworm mortality, silkworm growth, cocoons) and tissues. The results show that exposure to different sized BN NSs causes no obvious adverse effects on the growth or tissues of silkworm. This study has performed size-dependent in vivo toxicity evaluation of BN NSs and provided safety information to enrich the database for better application of BN NSs. Further studies should be carried out to discover the biosafety of diverse sizes and shapes BN NSs.

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Comparison of radiosensitivity among different silkworm strains with respect to the killing effect on the embryos

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Observation of morphological abnormalities in silkworm pupae after feeding 137CsCl-supplemented diet to evaluate the effects of low dose-rate exposure

Observation of morphological abnormalities in silkworm pupae after feeding 137CsCl-supplemented diet to evaluate the effects of low dose-rate exposure

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

In vivo toxicity evaluation of boron nitride nanosheets with different sizes by silkworm model

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