Comparison of Radiocarbon Ages from Different Organic Fractions in Tropical Peat Cores: Insights from Kalimantan, Indonesia

Wüst, Raphael A.J.; Jacobsen, Geraldine; Gaast, H. van der; Smith, A. M.

doi:10.1017/s0033822200053492

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…, 2004). For this reason, these systems are generally considered to preserve only a record of climatically induced base‐level fluctuations (Wüst & Bustin, 2004; Wüst et al. , 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of a Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) coal from the central Appalachian Basin, USA

Jerrett¹,

Flint²,

Davies³

et al. 2010

Sedimentology

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Peat mires retain a sensitive record of water‐table (base‐level) fluctuations throughout their accumulation. On this basis, coals provide one of the best opportunities to interpret high‐resolution base‐level change in ancient non‐marine deposits. The petrographic composition of 275 samples collected from 11 localities along a 100 km south‐west to north‐east transect across the regionally extensive (>37 000 km2) Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) Fire Clay coal of the Central Appalachian Basin, USA was analysed to determine its internal stratigraphy. The coal is positioned within the late lowstand/early transgressive systems tract of a fourth‐order depositional sequence. The results of the petrographic analyses reveal a cyclicity in the composition of the Fire Clay coal, which defines six units that are correlated over more than 100 km. Each coal cycle is characterized by a gradual upward transition from vitrinite‐dominated to inertinite‐dominated coal, which represents a ‘drying‐up’ succession. Increased concentrations of resistant peat components at the top of the drying‐up successions indicate reduced peat accumulation rates associated with slowing rate of water‐table rise, and may represent a residue of peat remaining from a phase of exposure and erosion resulting from a falling water table. These drying‐up successions are bound by surfaces that display an abrupt coal facies shift from inertinite‐rich to vitrinite‐rich coal, representing a rapid water‐table rise. Each cycle represents markedly different mire conditions with different aerial distributions, which supports the notion of temporal disconnection between each unit of coal, and suggests that considerable time may be ‘locked‐up’ in unit bounding exposure surfaces. Recognition that the rate of peat accumulation in a mire may vary considerably through time, has important implications for studies which assume that peat and coal successions provide continuous and time‐invariant records of base‐level fluctuations or palaeoecological change.

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“…, 2004). For this reason, these systems are generally considered to preserve only a record of climatically induced base‐level fluctuations (Wüst & Bustin, 2004; Wüst et al. , 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of a Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) coal from the central Appalachian Basin, USA

Jerrett¹,

Flint²,

Davies³

et al. 2010

Sedimentology

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“…Selected radio Carbon ages of tropical peats in Kalimantan and Peninsular Malaysia are so variable, spanning from 30 000 to hundreds of years (Anshari et al, 2001(Anshari et al, , 2004Page et al, 2004;Wüst and Bustin, 2004;Wüst et al, 2008). The radio Carbon analysis indicates that coastal peat in the Kapuas River basin is formed around 3000-4000 years BP (see Table 2).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage and land use impacts on changes in selected peat properties and peat degradation in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Degradation of tropical peats is a global concern due to large Carbon emission and loss of biodiversity. The degradation of tropical peats usually starts when the government drains and clears peat forests into open peats used for food crops, oil palm and industrial timber plantations. Major properties of tropical peat forests are high in Water Contents (WC), Loss on Ignition (LOI) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and low in peat pH, Dry Bulk Density (DBD), and Total Nitrogen (TN). In this study, we investigated impacts of drainage and land use change on these properties. We collected peat samples from peat forests, logged over peat forest, industrial timber plantation, community agriculture, and oil palms. We used independent t-tests and oneway ANOVA to analyze mean differences of the research variables. We found that peat pH, DBD, and TN tend to increase. A significant decrease of C/N ratio in oil palm and agriculture sites importantly denotes a high rate of peat decompositions. Water contents, LOI, and TOC are relatively constants. We suggest that changes in pH, DBD, TN and atomic C/N ratio are important indicators for assessing tropical peat degradation. We infer that land use change from tropical peat forests intoCorrespondence to: G. Z. Anshari (gzanshari@live.untan.ac.id) cleared and drained peats used for intensive timber harvesting, oil palms and industrial timber plantations in Indonesia has greatly degraded major ecological function of tropical peats as Carbon storage.

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“…South‐East Asian peatlands are also some of the deepest, averaging 5.5–7 m (Page et al ., ), compared to South American peats, averaging 0.5–6 m (Page et al ., ). These peatlands represent long‐term C stores, with the majority of South‐East Asian peatlands accumulating since 3000–7000 years BP (Dommain et al ., ) and some even dating back to 28 000 years BP (Wüst et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Keep wetlands wet: the myth of sustainable development of tropical peatlands – implications for policies and management

Evers

Yule

Padfield

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

120

121

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Pristine tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) represent a unique wetland ecosystem of distinctive hydrology which support unique biodiversity and globally significant stores of soil carbon. Yet in Indonesia and Malaysia, home to 56% of the world's tropical peatland, they are subject to considerable developmental pressures, including widespread drainage to support agricultural needs. In this article, we review the ecology behind the functioning and ecosystem services provided by PSFs, with a particular focus on hydrological processes as well as the role of the forest itself in maintaining those services. Drawing on this, we review the suitability of current policy frameworks and consider the efficacy of their implementation. We suggest that policies in Malaysia and Indonesia are often based around the narrative of oil palm and other major monocrops as drivers of prosperity and development. However, we also argue that this narrative is also being supported by a priori claims concerning the possibility of sustainability of peat swamp exploitation via drainage-based agriculture through the adherence to best management practices. We discuss how this limits their efficacy, uptake and the political will towards enforcement. Further, we consider how both narratives (prosperity and sustainability) clearly exclude important considerations concerning the ecosystem value of tropical PSFs which are dependent on their unimpacted hydrology. Current research clearly shows that the actual debate should be focused not on how to develop drainage-based plantations sustainably, but on whether the sustainable conversion to drainage-based systems is possible at all.

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Comparison of Radiocarbon Ages from Different Organic Fractions in Tropical Peat Cores: Insights from Kalimantan, Indonesia

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of a Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) coal from the central Appalachian Basin, USA

Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of a Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) coal from the central Appalachian Basin, USA

Drainage and land use impacts on changes in selected peat properties and peat degradation in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Keep wetlands wet: the myth of sustainable development of tropical peatlands – implications for policies and management

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