Comparison of Radiation Therapy Alone and Chemotherapy Alone for Low-Grade Gliomas without Surgical Resection

Wu, Jing; Kim, Casey; Bai, Harrison X.; Tang, Lei; Wang, Yinyan; Li, Xuejun; Zhang, Zishu; Karakousis, Giorgos C.; Huang, Raymond Y.; Zhang, Paul J.; Xiao, Bo; Yang, Li

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.109

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Propensity score analysis has been widely used in many recent clinical studies to compare the therapeutic effects and clinical prognoses of different treatment plans (Wu et al 2018;Zeng et al 2019). In orthodontic clinical studies, many confounding factors can affect clinical results, and these have often been overlooked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Effectiveness of modifications to preadjusted appliance prescriptions based on racial dental characteristics assessed by the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation: A propensity score matching study (v0.1)"

2021

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Background. Because racial discrepancies in dental characteristics are known to exist, designing preadjusted appliances according to racial normal occlusion data would be expected to improve treatment results. However, whether modifications based on racial characteristics can improve treatment outcomes in the clinic remains to be investigated. Methods.To study the influence of prescription type on treatment outcomes, 91 patients treated with Chinese or Roth prescription appliances were selected as an initial sample. Two groups of patients were selected by propensity score matching (1:1) to limit the effects of confounding factors, including age, sex, case complexity, and extraction plan. Discrepancy Index and cervical vertebral maturation values were used to quantify case complexity and patient age, respectively. After matching, the final sample of 60 patients consisted of two groups of 30 patients each: group 1 had been treated with a Chinese prescription appliance and group 2 had been treated with a Roth prescription appliance. ABO casts and radiography evaluation (CR-Eval) and lateral cephalograms were utilized to compare the treatment outcomes of the two groups.Results. The total ABO scores of groups 1 and 2 were 22.03 and 23.87, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in total ABO score or in seven other sub-scores; however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in mandibular canine alignment score. Conclusions.There are no significant differences in overall treatment outcomes between the Chinese and Roth prescription appliances. The Chinese prescription yielded better alignment results in the mandibular canine for Chinese patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Effectiveness of modifications to preadjusted appliance prescriptions based on racial dental characteristics assessed by the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation: A propensity score matching study (v0.1)"

2021

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“…Due to the long‐term side effects associated with radiation, chemotherapy is highly regarded as the first‐line adjuvant therapy for the clinical management of pA. A recent study on OS of patients that received radiation alone or chemotherapy alone in surgically resected LGG showed that the median OS was 125.8 months for the chemotherapy only group as compared to only 98.9 months for the radiotherapy group 33 . A similar study that looked at whether these treatment regimens given alone improved OS in patient without surgical resection showed that regardless of age, chemotherapy alone improved OS significantly as compared to radiotherapy alone 34 . Chemotherapy is introduced after surgery, as a post‐operative treatment regimen and is aimed at inducing tumour shrinkage, and recurrences and delaying the need for radiation.…”

Section: Current Management Of Paediatric‐type Diffuse Low‐grade Astr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 33 A similar study that looked at whether these treatment regimens given alone improved OS in patient without surgical resection showed that regardless of age, chemotherapy alone improved OS significantly as compared to radiotherapy alone. 34 Chemotherapy is introduced after surgery, as a post‐operative treatment regimen and is aimed at inducing tumour shrinkage, and recurrences and delaying the need for radiation. For progressive low‐grade pA, the most common chemotherapy regimens used are either carboplatin + vincristine (CV) 35 or thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (TPCV).…”

Section: Current Management Of Paediatric‐type Diffuse Low‐grade Astr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma

Johns,

Williams,

Smith

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational Med

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Paediatric and adult astrocytomas are notably different, where clinical treatments used for adults are not as effective on children with the same form of cancer and these treatments lead to adverse long‐term health concerns. Integrative omics‐based studies have shown the pathology and fundamental molecular characteristics differ significantly and cannot be extrapolated from the more widely studied adult disease. Recent clinical advances in our understanding of paediatric astrocytomas, with the aid of next‐generation sequencing and epigenome‐wide profiling, have led to the identification of key canonical mutations that vary based on the tumour location and age of onset. These driver mutations, in particular the identification of the recurrent histone H3 mutations in high‐grade tumours, have confirmed the important role epigenetic dysregulations play in cancer progression. This review summarises the current updates of the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management of paediatric astrocytoma based on their grades and the ongoing clinical trials. It also provides novel insights on genetic and epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers, highlighting the potential of targeting these pathways as therapeutics for this devastating childhood cancer.

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“…Glioma is the most common malignant Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) no greater than 35% [1]. Despite multiple therapy options, it is still challenging for researchers and doctors to improve the OS [2][3][4][5]. The reasons are complex but may lie in RNAs because gene expression profiling has been verified as a promising tool to classify tumors and predict the prognosis of cancer [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Risk Prediction Models of Gliomas Based on IDH and 1p/19q

et al. 2020

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Gliomas have been classified into different molecular subtypes based on their molecular features. To explore the prognostic factors of different subtypes of gliomas, we performed a univariate survival analysis based on the RNA-seq data of 653 patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We identified 12205 (20.18%), 6125 (10.13%) and 5206 (8.61%) genes associated with the overall survival (OS) of the IDH-wildtype, IDH-mutation 1p/19q intact and IDH-mutation 1p/19q codeletion gliomas, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that OS related genes were mainly involved in alcoholism, systemic lupus erythematosus, hematopoietic cell lineage and diabetes. The OS related genes were further selected using Lasso regression, and three prognostic risk score models were constructed to effectively predict the OS of the patients with different subtypes of gliomas. In total, 76 signature genes were identified and were selected to construct the three models. Moreover, neither of the 76 genes overlapped between different models, which suggested the enormous difference among the three subtypes, although some signature genes (SERPINA5, RP11.229A12.2 and RP11.62F24.2) were also identified as the OS related genes in different glioma subtypes. Interestingly, five genes (RP11.229A12.2, RP11.62F24.2, C3orf67, RP11.275H4.1 and TBX3) played opposing roles (protective or risk factor) in different subtypes. Additionally, the prognosis models consisted of a substantial proportion of non-coding RNA (58.74%, 70.13% and 58.11% in the IDH-wildtype, IDH-mutation 1p/19q intact and IDH-mutation 1p/19q codeletion). Furthermore, multivariate analysis integrating clinical variables demonstrated that risk group predicted by the prognostic models was an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. In conclusion, we have constructed and validated three models that have the potential to predict the prognosis of glioma patients. The genes and pathways identified in this study require further investigation for their underlying mechanisms and potential clinical significance in improving the OS of the glioma patients.

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Comparison of Radiation Therapy Alone and Chemotherapy Alone for Low-Grade Gliomas without Surgical Resection

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Peer Review #1 of "Effectiveness of modifications to preadjusted appliance prescriptions based on racial dental characteristics assessed by the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation: A propensity score matching study (v0.1)"

Peer Review #1 of "Effectiveness of modifications to preadjusted appliance prescriptions based on racial dental characteristics assessed by the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation: A propensity score matching study (v0.1)"

Novel insights on genetics and epigenetics as clinical targets for paediatric astrocytoma

Survival Risk Prediction Models of Gliomas Based on IDH and 1p/19q

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