Comparison of Questionnaire and Laboratory Tests in the Detection of Excessive Drinking and Alcoholism

Bernadt, Morris; Mumford, James G.; Taylor, Cheryl A.; Smith, Brent; Murray, Robin M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91579-3

Cited by 373 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Problematic substance use: problematic alcohol consumption was assessed using the CAGE questionnaire (Mayfield et al 1974), a quick yet sensitive and specific instrument for screening alcohol use disorder (Bernadt et al 1982). Two positive responses on this instrument indicate a high probability of problematic alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users

et al. 2016

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Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a major public health problem. While some studies have reported frequent comorbidity problems among cocaine users, few studies have included evaluation of gambling problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling problems and compare those who were at-risk gamblers with nonproblem gamblers in terms of mental health problems, substance use problems, and some risk factors (i.e. family antecedents, erroneous perceptions and coping strategies) among individuals who smoke or inject cocaine.METHOD: A total of 424 smoked or injected cocaine users recruited through community-based programs in Montreal, Quebec completed the questionnaire, including the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the CAGE, and the Severity Dependence Scale (SDS).RESULTS: Of the sample, 18.4 % were considered at-risk gamblers, of whom 7.8 % had problems gambling and 10.6 % were moderate-risk gamblers. The at-risk group was more likely to have experienced a recent phobic disorder and alcohol problems than the non-problem group. A multivariate analysis showed that, compared to those who were non-problem gamblers, the at-risk ones were more likely to have lost a large sum of money when they first started gambling, believed that their luck would turn, and gambled in reaction to painful life events. These results indicate the need to include routines for screening to identify gambling problem among cocaine users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users

et al. 2016

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“…As highlighted by Ewing (1998), there is not a standard cutoff point to identify alcohol problems. Bernadt et al (1982) concluded that a test score equal or greater than two had a sensitivity of 93 % and a specificity of 76 % for the identification of problem drinkers. However, Bradley et al (1998) argued that for women, the reasonable cut point is answering positively to one or more questions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychic costs of migration: evidence from Irish return migrants

Barrett

Mosca

2012

J Popul Econ

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Within the economics literature, the 'psychic costs' of migration have been incorporated into theoretical models since Sjaastad (J Polit Econ 70:80-93, 1962). However, the existence of such costs has rarely been investigated in empirical papers. In this paper, we look at the psychic costs of migration by using alcohol problems as an indicator. Rather than comparing immigrants and natives, we look at the native-born in a single country and compare those who have lived away for a period of their lives and those who have not. We use data from the first wave of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing which is a large, nationally representative sample of older Irish adults. We find that men who lived away are more likely to have suffered from alcohol problems than men who stayed. For women, we again see a higher incidence of alcohol problems for short-term migrants. However, long-term female migrants are less likely to have suffered from alcohol problems. For these women, it seems that migration provided psychic benefits, and this is consistent with findings from other research which showed how migration provided economic independence to this group. The results remain when we adjust for endogeneity and when we use propensity score matching methods.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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“…The CAGE questionnaire (Mayfield et al, 1974) was included as a screen for problem drinking. Participants were defined as problem drinkers if they endorsed at least 2 out of the 4 items in the questionnaire (Bernadt et al, 1982). All the medications taken regularly by each participant were also recorded.…”

Section: Potential Confounding Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low macular pigment optical density is associated with lower cognitive performance in a large, population-based sample of older adults

Feeney

Finucane

Savva

et al. 2013

Neurobiology of Aging

122

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Macular pigment (MP) is comprised of the carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso--zeaxanthin (MZ), which selectively accumulate at the macula (central retina) of the eye and are neuroprotective. These carotenoids are also present in the brain, and evidence suggests a close correlation between retinal and brain concentrations. We investigated the relationship between MP and cognitive function in 4453 adults aged ≥50 years as part of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was determined using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry-a quick and noninvasive way of measuring the concentration of the pigment. Lower MPOD was associated with poorer performance on the mini--mental state examination (p = 0.026) and on the Montreal cognitive assessment (p = 0.016). Individuals with lower MPOD also had poorer prospective memory (p = 0.011), took longer time to complete a trail--making task (p = 0.003), and had slower and more variable reaction times on a choice reaction time task (p = 0.000 and 0.001). These associations were only slightly attenuated following adjustment for physical and mental health. There was no significant association between MPOD and verbal fluency, word recall, visual reasoning, or picture memory. Overall, the findings support the theory that xanthophyll carotenoids impact on cognitive function, underscoring the need for exploration of novel, noninvasive biomarkers for cognitive vulnerability and preventive strategies.

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Comparison of Questionnaire and Laboratory Tests in the Detection of Excessive Drinking and Alcoholism

Cited by 373 publications

References 18 publications

Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users

Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users

The psychic costs of migration: evidence from Irish return migrants

Low macular pigment optical density is associated with lower cognitive performance in a large, population-based sample of older adults

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