Comparison of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and/or Metoprolol on Myocardial Infarct Size and Mitochondrial Damage in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Abstract

The cardioprotective effectiveness of low-dose pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 3 mg/kg) was compared with metoprolol, a beta(1)-selective adrenoceptor antagonist. Rats underwent 30 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion. Metoprolol and/or PQQ were given at the onset of reperfusion to mimic clinical treatment. Metoprolol and/or PQQ reduced infarct size and protected against ischemia-induced left ventricular dysfunction after 2 hours of reperfusion. Combined therapy augmented left ventricular developed pressure at the end of reperfusion. Metoprolol or PQQ alone enhanced mitochondrial respiratory ratios in ischemic and nonischemic myocardium. Although the PQQ/metoprolol combination therapy increased respiratory ratio values, the effects were small when compared with PQQ alone. Only PQQ decreased lipid peroxidation. Metoprolol and/or PQQ given at the onset of reperfusion reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function. Combination therapy further reduces infarct size. PQQ is superior to metoprolol in protecting mitochondria from ischemia/reperfusion oxidative damage.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone rescues hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced cell death through activation of Nrf2 and up-regulation of antioxidant genes

“…It has been reported that PQQ can stimulate the activation of cAMP response elementbinding protein (CREB) in combination with some transcription factors such as Nrf1, Nrf2 and mitochondrial transcription factors, enhancing mitochondriogenesis Stites et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2006;Chowanadisai et al, 2010), whereas the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway has been recognized as a key contributor to the cellular response to neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo (Shih et al, 2005). In this study, we measured the expression level of Nrf2 and some related transcript factors to demonstrate whether Nrf2/ARE signaling was influenced by PQQ treatment.…”

The Effects of Nebivolol on Apoptosis in a Rat Infarct Model

“…41 Furthermore, Zhu et al have showed that in a rat model ischemia/reperfusion injury, metoprolol produced cardioprotection via hemodynamic effects. 42 More recently, Omerovic et al suggest that metoprolol attenuates post-infarct structural remodeling, without concomitant improvement in myocardial energy metabolism and function in rats with chronic congestive heart failure, 43 but authors could not completely explain which effect is responsible from this improvement.…”

Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone and Vitamin C on Diabetes Associated Cardiac Oxidative Damages and Hyperlipidemia in Mice: Biochemical and Histopathological Study

“…PQQ was earlier known to regulate different abnormalities, 11,51 which are indirectly associated with diabetic complications. Now our findings ascertain that PQQ has also the potential to regulate STZ-induced damage to cardiac tissues.…”

“…After rendering DM/ hyperglycemia, animals of group IV, V and VI were treated i.p. with three different doses of PQQ (5, 10 and 20mg/kg/day, respectively for 15 days); 11,15 group VII animals received Vit.C (50mg/kg/day (i.p. ), for 15 days).…”

“…[8][9][10] One report also suggested that PQQ reduces myocardial infarct size and improves cardiac function. 11 Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that PQQ can protect against several types of oxidative damages and irradiation injury. Recently, workers found not only the involvement of ROS in the pathogenesis of CVDs, but also suggested the use of antioxidants which play a major role in reducing the oxidative stress by scavenging the excess free radicals.…”