Comparison of purine bases and 15N for quantifying microbial nitrogen yield using three marker systems and different sampling sites in zebu cross breed bulls

Rotta, Polyana Pizzi; Filho, Sebastião de Campos Valadares; Silva, Luiz Fernando Costa e; Detmann, Edênio; Villadiego, Faider Alberto Castaño; Engle, T. E.; Valadares, Rilene Ferreira Diniz; Silva, B.C.; Pacheco, M.V.C.; Zanetti, Diego

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.06.010

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The similarity in the 15 N: 14 N ratio obtained between the ruminal microbial pool in the different phases agrees with the results reported in other studies (Krizsan et al, 2010;Rotta et al, 2014a). In contrast, a greater 15 N enrichment in PAB compared with LAB was reported (Ahvenjarvi et al, 2002;Brito et al, 2006).…”

Section: Bacteria Chemical Composition and 15 N: 14 N Ratiosupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The experiment lasted four 17-d periods. Each period consisted of 10 d for adaptation of the animals to the experimental diets and 7 d for data collection (Koenig et al, 2013a;Rotta et al, 2014a). The animals were housed in individual stalls (8 m 2 ) with feeding troughs and free access to water throughout the experiment.…”

Section: Animals Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filtrate material was centrifuged at 1,000 × g for 10 min at 5 °C for isolation of liquid-associated bacteria (LAB). More details about bacterial isolation are described in Rotta et al (2014a). Pellets resulting from LAB and PAB isolation were stored at −80 °C, freeze dried (Freezemobile 24, Virtis, Gardiner, NY), and then macerated with a plastic pestle and mortar and stored at −20 °C in plastic containers with a lid for further chemical DM, OM, CP, PB, and 15 N analysis.…”

Section: Markers Infusion and Digesta Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Purine bases (PB) and 15 N have been widely used as markers to access MCP synthesis (Broderick et al, 2010, Rotta et al, 2014a The MCP measurements from PB or 15N are usually similar (Broderick and Merchen et al, 1992;Rotta et al, 2014a). Even though some authors have found differences between N flow estimated by PB and 15 N Ipharraguerre et al, 2007), Carro and Miller (2002) reported that PB as a microbial marker can be performed by simpler colorimetric or chromatographic techniques, whereas the continuous intraruminal infusion of 15 N ammonium salts may be more laborious and expensive under certain conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dietary protein reduction on microbial protein, amino acids digestibility, and body retention in beef cattle. I. Digestibility sites and ruminal synthesis estimated by purine bases and 15N as markers1

Mariz

Amaral

Filho

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of reducing dietary CP contents on 1) total and partial nutrient digestion and nitrogen balance and 2) on microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis and true MCP digestibility in the small intestine obtained with 15N and purine bases (PB) in beef cattle. Eight bulls (4 Nellore and 4 Crossbred Angus × Nellore) cannulated in the rumen and ileum were distributed in duplicated 4 × 4 Latin squares. The diets consisted of increasing CP contents: 100, 120, or 140 g CP/kg DM offered ad libitum, and restricted intake (RI) diet with 120 g CP/kg DM. The experiment lasted four 17-d periods, with 10 d for adaptation to diets and another 7 for data collection. Omasal digesta flow was obtained using Co-EDTA and indigestible NDF (iNDF) as markers, and to estimate ileal digesta flow only iNDF was used. From days 11 to 17 of each experimental period, ruminal infusions of Co-EDTA (5.0 g/d) and 15N (7.03 g of ammonium sulfate enriched with 10% of 15N atoms) were performed. There was no effect of CP contents (linear effect, P = 0.55 and quadratic effect, P = 0.11) on ruminal OM digestibility. Intake of CP linearly increased (P < 0.01) with greater dietary CP. The NH3-N (P < 0.01) and urinary N excretion (P < 0.01) increased in response to dietary CP, whereas retained N increased linearly (P = 0.03). Liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) in the omasum had greater N content (P < 0.05) in relation to the particle-associated bacteria (PAB). There was no difference between LAB and PAB (P = 0.12) for 15N:14N ratio. The 15N:14N ratio was greater (P < 0.01) in RI animals in relation to those fed at voluntary intake. Microbial CP had a quadratic tendency (P = 0.09) in response to CP increase. Microbial efficiency (expressed in relation to apparent ruminally degradable OM and true ruminally degradable OM) had a quadratic tendency (P = 0.07 and P = 0.08, respectively) to CP increasing and was numerically greatest at 120 g CP/kg DM. The adjusted equations for estimating true intestinal digestibility of MCP (Y1) and total CP (Y2) were, respectively, as follows: Y1 =--16.724(SEM = 40.06) + 0.86X(SEM = 0.05) and Y2 = -43.81(SEM = 49.19) + 0.75X(SEM = 0.05). It was concluded that diets with 120 g/kg of CP optimize the microbial synthesis and efficiency and ruminal ash and protein NDF digestibility, resulting in a better use of N compounds in the rumen. The PB technique can be used as an alternative to the 15N to estimate microbial synthesis.

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Section: Bacteria Chemical Composition and 15 N: 14 N Ratiosupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Animals Experimental Design and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Markers Infusion and Digesta Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dietary protein reduction on microbial protein, amino acids digestibility, and body retention in beef cattle. I. Digestibility sites and ruminal synthesis estimated by purine bases and 15N as markers1

Mariz

Amaral

Filho

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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show abstract

“…According to Rotta et al (2014b), many of the studies that evaluated different markers to estimate ruminal microbial protein utilized samples from the abomasum and duodenum and the maintenance of cannulated animals in the abomasum and duodenum is difficult and it has high operational costs, causing problems in animal handling. Reynal et al (2005) and Ipharraguerre et al (2007) recommended that the calculation of microbial protein flow using 15 N as a marker should be performed using omasum samples.…”

Section: Microbial Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminal protein degradation of feeds and microbial protein synthesis

Stefanie Alvarenga,

Polyana Pizzi,

Luiz Fernando Costa e

et al. 2023

Nutrient Requirements of Zebu and Crossbred Cattle - BR-CORTE

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Ruminants are a group of animals characterized by the intake of diets that are altered in rumen by anaerobic microorganisms. These microorganisms have ideal conditions in the rumen for their development and growth using dietary protein as feed source. When rumen digesta flows through the gastrointestinal tract, these microorganisms become a source of protein for digestion in the small intestine of ruminants. Thus, to find an appropriate recommendation regarding protein requirements for cattle, we must characterize the changes imposed by these microorganisms and the amount of microbial protein that reaches the small intestine with a specific diet.

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Effects of protein sources and inclusion levels on nitrogen metabolism and urea kinetics of Nellore feedlot steers fed concentrate-based diets

Souza

Messana

Batista

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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Urea recycling occurs in all mammalian species and represents an important source of ruminal nitrogen (N) for ruminants fed protein-restricted diets. However, its importance for cattle fed adequate amounts of protein and energy remains unclear. Six Nellore feedlot steers fed concentrate-based diets were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate ruminal fermentation, urea kinetics, and N excretion. Treatments consisted of 3 protein sources (PS: soybean meal plus urea [SU], corn gluten meal [CGM], and dry distillers grains [DDG]) and 2 inclusion levels (PL; 11 and 14%). Steers were adapted to the diets for 14 d followed by 8 d of sample collection. Feed intake, fecal output, and urine production were measured from d 18 to d 22 of each period. Blood samples were collected every 6 h on d 18. [ 15N- 15N]-urea was infused into the jugular vein for 82 h over d 19 to d 22, and measurement of 15N in background (d 18) and enriched feces and urine (d 21) were used to evaluate urea kinetics. To evaluate the incorporation of recycled urea N into microbial protein (MICP), ruminal and duodenal fluid were collected on d 22. Steers fed SU diets had lower (P < 0.05) nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), greater (P < 0.05) urea-N entry rate (UER), and tended (P < 0.10) to have greater gastrointestinal entry rate of urea-N (GER) compared to those fed CGM or DDG. In addition, steers fed SU had greater (P < 0.05) urea-N returned to ornithine cycle (ROC) compared to those fed CGM or DDG. Increasing PL tended (P < 0.10) to increase UER. The proportion of total microbial N from recycled urea-N was greater (P < 0.05) for steers fed CGM compared to those fed SU and also greater for steers fed diets with 11% CP than for those fed with 14% CP. Diets with 11% CP can be used for Nellore feedlot cattle fed concentrate-based diets without negatively affecting intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation. Moreover, diets containing rumen undegradable protein (RUP) feed sources (CGM or DDG) compared to diets with SU markedly increased NUE, while maintaining microbial protein (MICP) synthesis. Results from this study suggest that the equation adopted by NASEM (2016) was not accurate in estimating the urea-N used for anabolism (UUA) in Nellore feedlot cattle fed concentrate-based diets.

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Comparison of purine bases and 15N for quantifying microbial nitrogen yield using three marker systems and different sampling sites in zebu cross breed bulls

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Dietary protein reduction on microbial protein, amino acids digestibility, and body retention in beef cattle. I. Digestibility sites and ruminal synthesis estimated by purine bases and 15N as markers1

Dietary protein reduction on microbial protein, amino acids digestibility, and body retention in beef cattle. I. Digestibility sites and ruminal synthesis estimated by purine bases and 15N as markers1

Ruminal protein degradation of feeds and microbial protein synthesis

Effects of protein sources and inclusion levels on nitrogen metabolism and urea kinetics of Nellore feedlot steers fed concentrate-based diets

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