Comparison of proteome response to saline and zinc stress in lettuce

Abstract

Zinc salts occurring in soils can exert an osmotic stress toward plants. However, being zinc a heavy metal, some more specific effects on plant metabolisms can be forecast. In this work, lettuce has been used as a model to investigate salt and zinc stresses at proteome level through a shotgun tandem MS proteomic approach. The effect of zinc stress in lettuce, in comparison with NaCl stress, was evaluated to dissect between osmotic/oxidative stress related effects, from those changes specifically related to zinc. The analysis of proteins exhibiting a fold change of 3 as minimum (on log 2 normalized abundances), revealed the involvement of photosynthesis (via stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis and enhanced role of photosystem I) as well as stimulation of photophosphorylation. Increased glycolytic supply of energy substrates and ammonium assimilation [through formation of glutamine synthetase (GS)] were also induced by zinc in soil. Similarly, protein metabolism (at both transcriptional and ribosomal level), heat shock proteins, and proteolysis were affected. According to their biosynthetic enzymes, hormones appear to be altered by both the treatment and the time point considered: ethylene biosynthesis was enhanced, while production of abscisic acid was up-regulated at the earlier time point to decrease markedly and gibberellins were decreased at the later one. Besides aquaporin PIP2 synthesis, other osmotic/oxidative stress related compounds were enhanced under zinc stress, i.e., proline, hydroxycinnamic acids, ascorbate, sesquiterpene lactones, and terpenoids biosynthesis. Although the proteins involved in the response to zinc stress and to salinity were substantially the same, their abundance changed between the two treatments. Lettuce response to zinc was more prominent at the first sampling point, yet showing a faster adaptation than under NaCl stress. Indeed, lettuce plants showed an adaptation after 30 days of stress, in a more pronounced way in the case of zinc.

Fractal based complexity analysis of wheat root system under different heavy metals

“…From the increments in RW after exposure to Zn, we found the positive effect for both concentrations of 0.3 and 0.75 mM. A number of researchers have reported the essentiality and the role of zinc for plant growth and yield (Lucini and Bernardo 2015;Kisan et al 2015). Efremova et al mentioned that zinc compounds had beneficial effect on dry biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNMN-Y-11.…”

Quantitative, Label‐Free Proteomics in the Symptomatic Niemann–Pick, Type C1 Mouse Model Using Standard Flow Liquid Chromatography and Thermal Focusing Electrospray Ionization

“…Autothresholds were used for peptide identification to achieve a target 1% false discovery rate. Search results from Spectrum Mill were imported into Mass Profiler Professional (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA) for label‐free quantitation using the summed peptide abundance for each protein . Retention times of eluting peptides from comparative samples were aligned prior to analysis.…”

Proteomics Revealed Distinct Responses to Salinity between the Halophytes Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort and Salicornia brachiata (Roxb)

“…Glycolysis is a pivotal pathway for energy production in plant cells. The alteration in the glycolytic enzymes NAD(P)H-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (which, together with alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyse the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol) confirms the increase in catabolic energy production during salinity [48]. GAPDH is necessary to balance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism, thus affecting the energy status in plant and supporting its growth [49].…”

“…Proteins were extracted as previously described by Lucini and Bernardo [48]. In Brief, 100 mg of powdered shoot tissues were suspended in 0.8 mL protein extraction buffer.…”