Comparison of Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay with LC-MS/MS for Diagnosis of Microcystin Toxicosis in Veterinary Cases

Moore, Caroline E.; Juan, Jeanette; Lin, Yanping; Gaskill, Cynthia L.; Puschner, Birgit

doi:10.3390/md14030054

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In a recent study, PP2A inhibition assay using rhPP2Ac was used to detect varying MC variants and toxicities in reservoirs and artificial ponds in Okinawa, Japan, and MC-WR as well as MC-FR were identified for the first time [ 99 ]. To quickly assess water and rumen content for MCs, a cost-effective PP1 assay using p -nitrophenyl phosphate has been established [ 81 ].…”

Section: Analytical Methods To Detect Microcystinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini-Review on Detection Methods of Microcystins

Massey

Jia

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) produce microcystins (MCs) which are associated with animal and human hepatotoxicity. Over 270 variants of MC exist. MCs have been continually studied due of their toxic consequences. Monitoring water quality to assess the presence of MCs is of utmost importance although it is often difficult because CyanoHABs may generate multiple MC variants, and their low concentration in water. To effectively manage and control these toxins and prevent their health risks, sensitive, fast, and reliable methods capable of detecting MCs are required. This paper aims to review the three main analytical methods used to detect MCs ranging from biological (mouse bioassay), biochemical (protein phosphatase inhibition assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), and chemical (high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance capillary electrophoresis, and gas chromatography), as well as the newly emerging biosensor methods. In addition, the current state of these methods regarding their novel development and usage, as well as merits and limitations are presented. Finally, this paper also provides recommendations and future research directions towards method application and improvement.

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Section: Analytical Methods To Detect Microcystinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini-Review on Detection Methods of Microcystins

Massey

Jia

et al. 2020

Toxins

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show abstract

“…These methods can vary greatly in their degree of sophistication and the information they provide. For example, the PPIA is a cost-effective assay using p-nitrophenyl phosphate to quickly assess water and rumen content samples [55]. Researchers have compared this rapid assay with LC-MS.…”

Section: Biochemistry Methods For Biochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors, Biosensors, and Analytical Technologies for Aquaculture Water Quality

Sutarlie

Loh

2020

Research

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In aquaculture industry, fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants are cultivated in fresh, salt, or brackish waters. The increasing demand of aquatic products has stimulated the rapid growth of aquaculture industries. How to effectively monitor and control water quality is one of the key concerns for aquaculture industry to ensure high productivity and high quality. There are four major categories of water quality concerns that affect aquaculture cultivations, namely, (1) physical parameters, e.g., pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity, (2) organic contaminants, (3) biochemical hazards, e.g., cyanotoxins, and (4) biological contaminants, i.e., pathogens. While the physical parameters are affected by climate changes, the latter three are considered as environmental factors. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of sensors, biosensors, and analytical technologies available for monitoring aquaculture water quality. They include low-cost commercial sensors and sensor network setups for physical parameters. They also include chromatography, mass spectrometry, biochemistry, and molecular methods (e.g., immunoassays and polymerase chain reaction assays), culture-based method, and biophysical technologies (e.g., biosensors and nanosensors) for environmental contamination factors. According to the different levels of sophistication of various analytical techniques and the information they can provide (either fine fingerprint, highly accurate quantification, semiquantification, qualitative detection, or fast screening), we will comment on how they may be used as complementary tools, as well as their potential and gaps toward current demand of real-time, online, and/or onsite detection.

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“…Like MC-LR, other MC variants are also involving the potent inhibition of protein phosphatases and, therefore, PPIA has been used for the determination of MC contamination [20]. These assays are considered as the ideal toxicity assays for MC determination in the environmental samples [21][22][23]. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was discovered as more sensitive towards MC compare to PP1 and have higher prospective to detect MC [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-droplet Hydrodynamic Voltammetry for the Determination of Microcystin-LR Based on Protein Phosphatase

Islam

Sazawa

Sugawara

et al. 2019

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is one of the most frequent and most lethal toxicants and a vital environmental pollutant due to its toxicity and persistence. It is hepatotoxins and have been shown to be potent tumor-promoters which pose a serious threat to human health in the form of chronic exposure through drinking water. In this study, a novel electrochemical method for the determination of MC-LR has been developed using protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) enzyme inhibition. The rapid and simple determination of PP2A activity was accomplished by means of hydrodynamic voltammetry in a 50 µL micro-droplet with a rotating disk electrode (RDE). The chronoamperometric response were obtained from the electrochemical oxidation of p-aminophenol (PAP) following the enzymatic conversion of p-aminophenyl phosphate (PAPP) as a substrate. PP2A activity estimated by using PAPP substrate is affected by MC-LR, and this phenomenon decreases the current signal of PAP. The IC 50 value was calculated as 0.08 µg/L which is well below the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional guideline value for total MC-LR of 1 µg/L in drinking water. The enzymatic reaction using RDE is possible to perform using fewer chemicals in a rapid manner. Therefore, the method can be very attractive for MC contaminated drinking water routine assessment.

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Comparison of Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay with LC-MS/MS for Diagnosis of Microcystin Toxicosis in Veterinary Cases

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

A Mini-Review on Detection Methods of Microcystins

A Mini-Review on Detection Methods of Microcystins

Sensors, Biosensors, and Analytical Technologies for Aquaculture Water Quality

Micro-droplet Hydrodynamic Voltammetry for the Determination of Microcystin-LR Based on Protein Phosphatase

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