Comparison of process-based models to quantify nutrient flows and greenhouse gas emissions associated with milk production

Veltman, Karin; Jones, Curtis D.; Gaillard, Richard; Cela, S.; Chase, L.E.; Duval, Benjamin D.; Izaurralde, R. C.; Ketterings, Quirine M.; Li, Changsheng; Matlock, Marty; Reddy, Ashwan; Rotz, Alan C.; Salas, William; Vadas, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.018

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Greenhouse gas emissions incurred during crop production (i.e., direct field emissions and emissions embedded in fuel, electricity, fertilizers, and pesticides) represent 19% of the cradle-to-grave and 26% of the cradle-to-farm gate (i.e., effect created from the beginning of life cycle to milk leaving the farm) GHG emissions from US dairy farms (Thoma et al, 2013a). Enteric CH 4 and both CH 4 and N 2 O from manure storage, processing, and land application are the other major sources of GHG emissions on the dairy farm (Veltman et al, 2017). Growing the primary forages used in dairy rations, alfalfa and corn silage, results in similar (170 to 200 g of CO 2 equivalents per kilogram of DM) GHG emissions (Adom et al, 2012).…”

Section: Environmental Implications Of Feeds Used In Standard Dairy Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Sustainable forage and grain crop production for the US dairy industry

Martin

Russelle

Powell

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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A resilient US dairy industry will be underpinned by forage and crop production systems that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. Land use for production of perennial and annual forages and grains for dairy cattle must evolve in response to multiple food security and environmental sustainability issues. These include increasing global populations; higher incomes and demand for dairy and other animal products; climate change with associated temperature and moisture changes; necessary reductions in carbon and water footprints; maintenance of soil quality and soil nutrient concerns; and competition for land. Likewise, maintaining producer profitability and utilizing practices accepted by consumers and society generally must also be considered. Predicted changes in climate and water availability will likely challenge current feed and dairy production systems and their national spatial distribution, particularly the western migration of dairy production in the late 20th century. To maintain and stabilize profitability while reducing carbon footprint, particularly reductions in methane emission and enhancements in soil carbon sequestration, dairy production will need to capitalize on genetic and management innovations that enhance forage and grain production and nutritive value. Improved regional and on-farm integration of feed production and manure utilization is needed to reduce environmental nitrogen and phosphorus losses and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Resilient and flexible feed production strategies are needed to address each of these challenges and opportunities to ensure profitable feeding of dairy cattle and a sustainable dairy industry.

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Section: Environmental Implications Of Feeds Used In Standard Dairy Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Sustainable forage and grain crop production for the US dairy industry

Martin

Russelle

Powell

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…29 ), and 0.25 kg P ha −1 yr −1 from 2001 to 2015 for the Canterbury farm 30 , both of which are comparable to modelled outputs (Table 4). No data exist to compare across systems, and although the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) has been calibrated to a range of different systems in the United States and the Netherlands 8,31,32 , we acknowledge that previous evaluation or calibration has not occurred for New Zealand systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limiting grazing periods combined with proper housing can reduce nutrient losses from dairy systems

McDowell

Rotz

Oenema³

et al. 2022

Nat Food

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Pasture-based and grass-fed branding are often associated with consumer perceptions of improved human health, environmental performance and animal welfare. Here, to examine the impacts of dairy production in detail, we contrasted global observational (n = 156) data for nitrogen and phosphorus losses from land by the duration of outdoor livestock grazing in confined, grazed and hybrid systems. Observational nitrogen losses for confined systems were lowest on a productivity—but not area—basis. No differences were noted for phosphorus losses between the systems. Modelling of the three dairy systems in New Zealand, the United States and the Netherlands yielded similar results. We found insufficient evidence that grazed dairy systems have lower nutrient losses than confined ones, but trade-offs exist between systems at farm scale. The use of a hybrid system may allow for uniform distribution of stored excreta, controlled dietary intake, high productivity and mitigation of animal welfare issues arising from climatic extremes.

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“…However, these tools are predominantly tailored to certain needs, for example, sensor-and satellite-based systems for site-specific fertilization in crop production [11,12]. Some of the available tools can effectively help balance nutrient flows throughout the soil-plant-animal-environmental system [13][14][15][16]. In addition, soil process models can quantify N turnover in soil and N emissions into the environment [17,18].…”

Section: Introduction 1scientific Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Design of a Comprehensive Farm Nitrogen Management System

et al. 2021

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Data that are required for nutrient management are becoming increasingly available in digital format, leading to a high innovation potential for digital nitrogen (N) management applications. However, it is currently difficult for farmers to analyze, assess, and optimize N flows in their farms using the existing software. To improve digital N management, this study identified, evaluated, and systematized the requirements of stakeholders. Furthermore, digital farm N management tools with varying objectives in terms of system boundaries, data requirements, used methods and algorithms, performance, and practicality were appraised and categorized. According to the identified needs, the concept of a farm N management system (FNMS) software is presented which includes the following modules: (1) management of site and farm data, (2) determination of fertilizer requirements, (3) N balancing and cycles, (4) N turnover and losses, and (5) decision support. The aim of FNMS is to support farmers in their farming practices for increasing N efficiency and reducing environmentally harmful N surpluses. In this study, the conceptual requirements from the agricultural and computer science perspectives were determined as a basis for developing a consistent, scientifically sound, and user-friendly FNMS, especially applicable in European countries. This FNMS enables farmers and their advisors to make knowledge-based decisions based on comprehensive and integrated data.

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Comparison of process-based models to quantify nutrient flows and greenhouse gas emissions associated with milk production

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Invited review: Sustainable forage and grain crop production for the US dairy industry

Invited review: Sustainable forage and grain crop production for the US dairy industry

Limiting grazing periods combined with proper housing can reduce nutrient losses from dairy systems

Conceptual Design of a Comprehensive Farm Nitrogen Management System

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