Comparison of prevalence of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Japan and the United States

Kitaoka, Hiroaki; Doi, Yoshinori; Casey, Susan A.; Hitomi, Nobuhiko; Furuno, Takashi; Maron, Barry J.

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.07.027

Cited by 181 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this Chinese cohort study, AHCM represented 16% of the entire HCM population, similar to that in Japan (13%-25%) 13,14 and higher than that in Western countries (1%-11%). 15 AHCM is more common in Taiwan, with reported cases in 24.5% of all HCM.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationsupporting

confidence: 50%

Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms

Wang

et al. 2011

Clinical Cardiology

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Background: Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a relatively rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), originally described in Japan and later in the West. Limited information is available on this disease in China. Hypothesis: This study was designed to describe clinical features and prognoses of patients with AHCM in China. Methods: A retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients with AHCM examined at FuWai Hospital was performed. Clinical features, mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity were analyzed. Results: The 208 patients with AHCM represented 16.0% of all HCM patients. Among them, 64.4% were pure form and 35.6% were mixed form. Compared with the pure group, the mixed group had a significantly larger left atrial diameter and thicker apical thickness. One hundred ninety-nine patients had a mean follow-up of 8.0 ± 3.5 years, cardiovascular mortality was 1.0%, and annual cardiovascular mortality was 0.1%. The 2 cardiovascular deaths were both mixed form. The probability of survival was 97.0 ± 2% at 10 years. Of the patients, 17.8% had 1 or more cardiovascular events. The probability of survival without morbid events at 10 years was 77 ± 4%. Three independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity were identified: age at diagnosis ≥60 years, left atrial diameter ≥36 mm, and New York Heart Association class ≥III at baseline. Conclusions:The prevalence of AHCM is relatively high, and it has a benign prognosis in China. However, 17.8% of patients may develop cardiovascular events. It is important to distinguish the 2 phenotypes of AHCM; the mixed form is less common but more serious than the pure form.

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Section: Clinical Presentationsupporting

confidence: 50%

Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms

Wang

et al. 2011

Clinical Cardiology

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“…4,12,13 The finding reported herein suggest that the apical variant is the more common subtype of hypertophic cardiomyopathy in Oriental populations. This higher prevalence of left ventricular outflow obstruction observed in Taiwanese may be partly due to selection bias in the tertiary center study.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationsmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…According to the 2004 annual health statistics report of UNICEF (http://www.unicef.org) and Taiwan (http://www.doh.gov.tw/statistic), the crude annual mortality of the general population ranged from 0.6 to 0.9% in the United States, European countries, Japan and Taiwan. The annual cardiovascular mortality rate for HCM in tertiary referral centers were reportedly 1.5 to 3.2%; 6,7,13,16 however, the annual cardiovascular mortality rate for HCM in community-based populations was only 1%. 4,5 Kitaoka et al reported that apical HCM in Japanese or western populations had been associated with a good prognosis and there was no HCM-related death reported during the follow-up period.…”

Section: Clinical Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Taiwan—a tertiary center experience

Lee

Liu

Lin

et al. 2007

Clinical Cardiology

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SummaryBackground: Most information concerning hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been derived from western countries and Japan.Hypothesis: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Taiwan may have a distinct morphology and clinical picture.Methods: Information from 163 consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at a medical center in Taiwan from 1990 through 2005 was retrospectively collected. The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy required echocardiographic demonstration of left ventricular hypertrophy (wall thickness 15 mm during diastole) in a specific region or with diffuse distribution. Follow-up information was obtained from medical records.Results: Among 163 patients (male, 52%), the mean follow-up period was 5.3 ± 4.1 years. Men had nearly a threefold increase in prevalence of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (23.8% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.03),

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“…These features satisfy the diagnostic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy per both Sokolow-Lyon voltage and Romhilt-Estes point score criterion and are specifically consistent with the pattern of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHC). 1,2 Significant laboratory results included hemoglobin 8.9 g/dL (14.2 g/dL six months earlier), with the remainder of the complete blood count, basic metabolic panel, toxicology screen, urinalysis, and cardiac enzymes within normal range. Chest radiograph and CT scan showed multiple left-sided rib fractures with a large left-sided hemothorax.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Presenting as Recurrent Unexplained Syncope

Kasirye¹,

Manne²,

Epperla³

et al. 2011

Clinical Medicine & Research

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A 47-year-old man was referred from an outside facility with complaints of recurrent falls. He had been referred to a neurologist for evaluation of recurrent unexplained syncope. Each event was non-convulsive, random, and preceded by a sudden loss of balance that would progress to falling due to altered mental status. There was no apparent triggering factor, post-event confusion, or loss of either bowel or urinary continence. He had been evaluated twice at a local healthcare facility for these falls, but no cause was identified.He was referred to us on the third presentation after suffering multiple facial and thoracic injuries. He had no evident cardiopulmonary symptoms. Because he was adopted, he had no knowledge of any family history history of cardiac events. His past medical history included bipolar disorder, tobacco abuse, alcohol dependence, and atypical facial pain. His home medications were carbamazepine, lamotrigine, olanzepine, diazepam, and venlafaxine. The only recent change in his medications was a carbamazepine dose reduction because a provider at an outside facility had thought that this might be contributing to his symptoms. On review of his past medical records (more than 10 years prior), left ventricular hypertrophy had been mentioned, but it had not been followed-up in subsequent evaluations. Previous computerized tomography (CT) of the head and neck had been unremarkable.Clinically, the patient was alert, awake, and oriented. Blood pressure was 123/63 mmHg, pulse 83 beats/minute, temperature 99.6ºF, respirations 20 breaths/ minute, and oxygen saturation 95% on room air. He had no orthostatic hypotension. The physical examination was normal except for the multiple facial swellings and left-sided chest wall tenderness he had sustained from the falls. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHC) is a rare variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Since its description by Sakamoto in 1976 in Japanese patients, our understanding of this entity has evolved. Although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as the gold standard for diagnosing AHC, clinical attention must be drawn to the unique electrocardiographic features that provide the initial clues to making the diagnosis. In this case, we present a 47-year-old man with AHC who presented with recurrent syncope, but anomalies on his electrocardiogram went unnoticed on two clinical encounters. He was subsequently admitted to our service and rapidly diagnosed after we observed the very classical findings in the plain twelve lead electrocardiogram done at the time of admission. In a clinical encounter involving a patient presenting with recurrent syncope, special attention must be focused on the electrocardiogram to decipher the unique diagnostic features it might show.

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Comparison of prevalence of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Japan and the United States

Cited by 181 publications

References 23 publications

Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms

Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Taiwan—a tertiary center experience

Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Presenting as Recurrent Unexplained Syncope

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