Comparison of pre-treatments mediated by endoglucanase and TEMPO oxidation for eco-friendly low-cost energy production of cellulose nanofibrils

The development of an advanced biorefinery to produce cellulosic sugars and bionanomaterials

“…The cutting effect promotes external fibrillation and fiber swelling, which further facilitates mechanical fibrillation and fibril isolation into CNF (Wang et al 2015;. Although the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis with endoglucanases have been diverse, most studies concluded that a lower endoglucanase loading (0.1 -10 mg.g -1 ) is effective to provide energy savings from 20 -60% relative to mechanical fibrillation without pretreatment (Berto et al, 2021;de Amorim dos Santos et al, 2023;Xiuyu Liu et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2015), even for periods of enzymatic hydrolysis as low as 1h (Berto et al 2021). This is because fiber fragmentation can be intensified with an increased endoglucanase loading but the endoglucanases action can vary according to its family, and it can plateau due to substrate saturation, specific catalytic activity, and composition of commercial cocktails (singlecomponent or preparation of enzymes with collaborative action) (Wang et al 2015;Nagl et al 2021).…”