Comparison of Postmortem Techniques for the Detection of<i>Mycobacterium Bovis</i>in White-Tailed Deer (<i>Odocoileus Virginianus</i>)

Fitzgerald, Scott D.; Kaneene, John B.; Butler, Kelly L.; Clarke, K. R.; Fierke, Jean S.; Schmitt, Stephan; Bruning-Fann, Colleen S.; Mitchell, Rachel R.; Berry, Dale E.; Payeur, Janet B.

doi:10.1177/104063870001200404

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Considering the increased costs that would be incurred by culture of every animal tested, the benefit in diagnostic accuracy seems likely to be minimal, especially given that true prevalence can now be estimated from current surveillance. However, comparing our results with those of Fitzgerald et al (2000) also suggests that counting on demonstration of AF bacteria to indicate early TB infection is unwise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Estimating the True Prevalence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Hunter-Harvested White-Tailed Deer in Michigan

O’Brien

Schmitt

Berry

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Apparent prevalence, although useful as a consistent index, may underestimate the true prevalence of disease. In Michigan, the ability to estimate the true prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (TB; caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) will become increasingly important to accurately assess progress towards eradication. Our objectives were threefold: to estimate the true prevalence of M. bovis in free-ranging deer in Michigan, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing TB surveillance methods, and to indirectly assess whether TB epidemiologic data from captive cervid herds can be meaningfully extrapolated to free-ranging populations. The study population consisted of all free-ranging deer submitted for TB testing in 2001 from six townships in northeastern Lower Michigan. Tissue samples of tonsil and cranial lymph nodes were collected bilaterally from all deer eligible for the study that did not have gross lesions suggestive of TB (nϭ701). Samples were subjected to histopathologic, acid-fast (AF) staining, mycobacterial culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Seven deer cultured positive for M. bovis that would not have been detected by current surveillance, yielding apparent and true prevalence estimates (95% confidence limits) of 2.7% (1.6, 3.8) and 3.6% (2.3, 4.9), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the current surveillance protocol were 75, 100, 100, and 99%, respectively. Histologic lesions were present only in tonsils, and ranged from simple necrosis to caseation, suppuration, and granuloma formation. Acid-fast staining and PCR detected M. bovis in only one of the seven culture-positive deer. Our study provides the first estimate of the true prevalence of M. bovis in Michigan's free-ranging deer population and suggests modest underestimation of that prevalence by current surveillance. This study also suggests that caution is warranted when extrapolating epidemiologic data on TB in captive cervids to free-ranging populations and confirms the pivotal role of the tonsil in early infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Estimating the True Prevalence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Hunter-Harvested White-Tailed Deer in Michigan

O’Brien

Schmitt

Berry

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Data from the TB surveillance included the year the deer was collected, the geographic location in which the deer was taken (to TRS when possible), and each animal's age, sex, and M. bovis infection status. Details on the methodology used to determine an animal's TB status have been described (Schmitt et al, 1997;Fitzgerald et al, 2000). The outcome of interest for statistical analysis was the prevalence of bovine TB in white-tailed deer within specific township-ranges by year.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) ON THE PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE MICHIGAN WILD DEER POPULATION

Miller

Kaneene

Fitzgerald

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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A retrospective study was conducted to test the hypothesis that supplemental feeding of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 1995 to 1997 was associated with the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging deer in northeastern Michigan. Bovine TB prevalence data were obtained from an ongoing surveillance program, while data relating to supplemental feeding and other risk factors were collected via in-person interviews. A multivariable Poisson regression modeling approach was used to test the stated hypothesis while controlling for other risk factors. Of the 389 potential participants, 59% agreed to participate in the study. Results showed that supplemental feeding of deer was associated with bovine TB in whitetailed deer. Specific risk factors associated with increasing risk for bovine TB were locating feed sites in areas with high levels of hardwood forests (O.R.ϭ1.8, 95% C.I.ϭ1.3-2.4), other largescale feeding sites in the area (O.R.ϭ1.1, 95% C.I.ϭ1.0-1.2), the number of deer fed per year (O.R.ϭ3.9, 95% C.I.ϭ1.4-11.4), the numbers of feed sites spreading grain (O.R.ϭ14.7, 95% C.I.ϭ2.2-98.9), the quantity of grains provided at the site (O.R.ϭ1.4, 95% C. I.ϭ1.1-1.7), and the quantity of fruits and vegetables provided (O.R.ϭ1.4, 95% C.I.ϭ1.2-1.7). Conversely, factors associated with decreasing risk of bovine TB were locating feed sites in areas with high levels of hardwood forests (O.R.ϭ0.1, 95% C.I.ϭ0.02-0.4), locating feed sites in forests (O.R.ϭ0.05, 95% C.I.ϭ0.01-0.4), and the level of sites providing grain (O.R.ϭ0.1, 95% C.I.ϭ0.01-0.3). The results of this study suggest that banning the practice of supplemental feeding is a valid policy for control of bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging white-tailed deer.

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“…3, 4). 14 Neutrophilic infiltrates are not a common characteristic of the inflammatory reaction with bovine tuberculosis in wild deer in Michigan. Radiating clublike Splendore-Hoeppli material has never been associated with a single positive case of M. bovis infection in Michigan deer; this is typically associated with other bacteria, including Actinomyces, Nocardia, or Staphylococcus species and various fungal infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wildlife Reservoirs of Bovine Tuberculosis Worldwide: Hosts, Pathology, Surveillance, and Control

2012

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Bovine tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic disease classically carried by cattle and spilling over into humans primarily by the ingestion of milk. However, in recent decades, there have been many endemic geographic localities where M. bovis has been detected infecting wildlife reservoirs, limiting the progress toward eradication of this disease from cattle. These include cervids in North America, badgers in Great Britain, feral pigs in Europe, brushtailed possums in New Zealand, and buffalo in South Africa. An overview of these wildlife hosts will provide insight into how these reservoirs maintain and spread the disease. In addition, the authors summarize the pathology, current ongoing methods for surveillance, and control. In many instances, it has proven to be more difficult to control or eradicate bovine tuberculosis in wild free-ranging species than in domesticated cattle. Furthermore, human influences have often contributed to the introduction and/or maintenance of the disease in wildlife species. Finally, some emerging themes regarding bovine tuberculosis establishment in wildlife hosts, as well as conclusions regarding management practices to assist in bovine tuberculosis control and eradication in wildlife, are offered.

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Comparison of Postmortem Techniques for the Detection ofMycobacterium Bovisin White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Estimating the True Prevalence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Hunter-Harvested White-Tailed Deer in Michigan

Estimating the True Prevalence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Hunter-Harvested White-Tailed Deer in Michigan

EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) ON THE PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE MICHIGAN WILD DEER POPULATION

Wildlife Reservoirs of Bovine Tuberculosis Worldwide: Hosts, Pathology, Surveillance, and Control

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