Comparison of portable and conventional laboratory analyzers for biochemical tests in chickens

Ruíz-Jiménez, Fernando; Gruber, Erika J.; Correa, María T.; Crespo, Rocio

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.060

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Values from these devices, although rapid and consistent, do vary when compared to more traditional and published methods such as the COBAS (Ruiz-Jimenez et al, 2021), requiring investigations into their relationship to disorders such as heat stress and dietary changes. In this study some discrepancies were observed where both I-STAT Alinity and VetScan VS2 machines measured similar biomarkers glucose, calcium, potassium, and sodium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Stress, Dietary Electrolytes, and Vitamins E and C on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemistry of the Broiler Chicken

Livingston¹,

Pokoo-Aikins²,

Frost³

et al. 2022

Front. Anim. Sci.

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Environmental heat stress creates a detriment to the welfare and performance in broiler chickens. While there are some dietary mineral and vitamin supplements that mitigate this condition, a rapid, plasma-based detection method would improve management response and broaden the scientific understanding of heat stress. A total of 960 broilers were used to determine the effect of heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance on blood biochemistry. Sex sorted chicks were allocated to 48 pens with 20 chicks per pen creating 6 treatments (3 diets x 2 house environments) with eight replicates and fed one of three dietary treatments: a control containing primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), a heat stress formulation containing bicarbonate (NaHCO3), or heat stress fortified with 200 ppm vitamin C and E (NaHCO3 Fortified). Birds were housed in two different temperature-controlled environments either a thermoneutral (Control) or heat stressed (Heat Stress) environment. At day 28, 35 and 42 venous blood was collected and analyzed using rapid detection methods followed by post-mortem veterinary evaluations. Performance was measured at weekly intervals. Mortality was significantly higher in broilers exposed to heat stress as compared to thermoneutral, while broilers that received dietary sodium chloride also had higher mortality than bicarbonate fed birds. Heat stress significantly impacted potassium, hematocrit, uric acid, total protein, globulin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, sodium, and glucose. This study demonstrates that blood biochemistry of broiler chickens is influenced by dietary intervention and changing environmental conditions. This pattern suggests a blood biomarker footprint of sub-optimal nutrition or poor environmental conditions that may provide valuable information into physiological changes in response to dietary electrolytes, vitamins, and heat stress. Furthermore, this footprint may potentiate the development of diagnostic tools, combining biomarkers to determine nutrition and health status of individual broiler flocks, for nutritionists, veterinarians, and live production managers to manage flocks for environmental, humane, and productive purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Stress, Dietary Electrolytes, and Vitamins E and C on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemistry of the Broiler Chicken

Livingston¹,

Pokoo-Aikins²,

Frost³

et al. 2022

Front. Anim. Sci.

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“…The analytical methods used in this study are not generally considered the gold standard for the evaluation of mammal samples and have not been specifically validated for use in chickens. Indeed, some methods used in this study are known to be a poor reflection of the methods deemed to be the gold standard but have been used when evaluating the performance of point of care testing assays 14,15 . As these methods have not been validated, we feel it is wise to view the results not as an accurate reflection of the measurand concentration in these samples but as the results obtained by using the mammalian assay on chicken samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of biochemical reference values for backyard chickens in Colorado (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Kaiser

Reider

Pabilonia

et al. 2022

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background Previous literature pertaining to biochemical RIs of domestic chickens has primarily focused on commercial production flocks and not backyard birds. Objective We aimed to establish biochemistry RIs for privately‐owned backyard chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) using reference laboratory equipment. Methods Samples were collected from 123 presumably healthy adult chickens between 2017 and 2019 from 22 different flocks in Colorado. Heparinized blood was obtained, and a biochemistry profile was evaluated, including sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, uric acid, AST, CK, glucose, cholesterol, and total protein. Reference values were created according to current American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology recommendations. Results Differences in measurand intervals compared with previous literature were found for sodium, calcium, total protein, potassium, phosphorus, uric acid, and glucose. Hens were found to have higher median calcium (17.9 mg/dL vs 11.2 mg/dL [P = .0001]), total protein (5.2 g/dL vs 4.8 g/dL [P = .0046]), and potassium (3.80 mEq/L vs 3.48 mEq/L [P = .0267]) concentrations, as well as lower sodium (155 mEq/L vs 158 mEq/L [P = .0046]) concentrations, calculated osmolalities (310 mOsm/kg vs 314 mOsm/kg [P = .0249]), and AST (165 U/L vs 194 U/L [P = .0121]) activities, than roosters. Seasonal variation was found between summer and winter samples for median sodium (144 mEq/L vs 148 mEq/L [P = .0008]), chloride (111.8 mEq/L vs 113.5 mEq/L [P = .0033]) concentrations, calculated osmolalities (306 mOsm/kg vs 311 mOsm/kg [P = <.0001]), and AST (185 U/L vs 159 U/L [P = .0053]) and CK (1098 U/L vs 770 U/L [P = .0007]) activities. Conclusions This study presents biochemical reference values for backyard chickens in Colorado that can be a basis for evaluations in similar settings.

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“…Leukocyte formula (El-Lethey et al, 2000;Jiang et al, 2017;Liew & Kubes, 2019) and the concentration of hormones in the blood (Scanes, 2016;Weimer et al, 2018) are usually used to diagnose stress, as well as the characteristics of hens' adaptation processes. Recently, some biochemical markers of blood serum have been actively used in poultry (Nwaigwe et al, 2020;Ruiz-Jimenez et al, 2021), which, in contrast to the leukocyte formula and hormonal status, allow us to describe the general physiological state of the body, adaptation processes (Kraus et al, 2021) and diagnose metabolic disorders of organs and tissues (Kudair & Al-hussary, 2010;Koronowicz et al, 2016). In general, serum biochemical markers are indicators of hens' health and reflect any physiological or even pathological changes occurring in their body (Koronowicz et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum clinical biochemical markers of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens under the influence of increased stocking densities in cages of multilevel batteries

Osadcha

Sakhatsky

Kulibaba

2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Today, the organism of hens is constantly exposed to numerous technological stressors in the conditions of industrial poultry farming, the least studied of which are long-term, which can cause the development of chronic stress. One of such stressors is the increased stocking density of hens, which is also a way of saving resources in egg poultry and is often used by producers to obtain more eggs per 1 m2 of poultry area. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of overcrowding, as a factor of chronic stress development, on the body of hens of a modern high-performance cross, which is necessary to select the best ways to keep them. Four groups of hens were formed for this purpose, which were kept at different stocking densities, according to European standards, Ukrainian standards and with increasing overcrowding. In this way, the gradually increasing intensity of the technological stressor was modeled. Long-term keeping of laying hens at high stocking density did not affect the content in the serum of total protein, albumin, urea and cholesterol, which were within the physiological norm. It was found that the increase in the stocking density of hens to Ukrainian standards, compared to the European, was accompanied by an increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of their blood. With an increase in stocking density above European and Ukrainian standards, namely to 25.3 birds/m2, there was an increase in the activity of three enzymes – lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. It is proved that further overcompaction of hens to 26.7 birds/m2 is accompanied by an increase in serum glucose, creatinine, as well as a decrease in the ratio of calcium and phosphorus, which was confirmed by an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Also, increased activity of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase was observed. Thus, the main effects of chronic stress caused by prolonged keeping of hens at high stocking densities are reflected in the biochemical parameters of their serum, namely in the increase of glucose, creatinine, enzyme activity, as well as the violation of the ratio of calcium and phosphorus.

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Comparison of portable and conventional laboratory analyzers for biochemical tests in chickens

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Heat Stress, Dietary Electrolytes, and Vitamins E and C on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemistry of the Broiler Chicken

Effect of Heat Stress, Dietary Electrolytes, and Vitamins E and C on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemistry of the Broiler Chicken

Establishment of biochemical reference values for backyard chickens in Colorado (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Serum clinical biochemical markers of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens under the influence of increased stocking densities in cages of multilevel batteries

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