Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish, vegetables, and meats and levels in human milk of nursing women in Japan

Ohta, Souichi; Ishizuka, Daisuke; Nishimura, Hajime; Nakao, Teruyuki; Aozasa, Osamu; Shimidzu, Yoshiko; Ochiai, Fumie; Kida, Takafumi; Nishi, Masatoshi; Miyata, Hideaki

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00233-8

Cited by 271 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Figure 3 is a box plot showing the distribution of total PBDEs in these food categories. These values were higher than reported from some other countries including Japan, Spain and the UK [20,21,22] but not orders of magnitude higher as was the case for human milk. Figure 4 shows that the amount of PBDEs can decrease with cooking [23], here when the food was broiled and the fat dripped away.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

Brominated flame retardants in US food

Schecter

Harris

Shah

et al. 2008

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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We and others recently began studying brominated flame retardant levels in various matrices in the US including human milk and other food. This paper reviews the food studies. In our studies, ten to thirteen polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were measured, usually including BDE 209. All US women's milk samples were contaminated with PBDEs from 6 to 419 ng/g, lipid, orders of magnitude higher than levels reported in European studies, and are the highest reported worldwide. We compared our market basket studies of meat, fish and dairy products with other US food studies of meat and fish. US studies showed somewhat higher levels of PBDEs than reported elsewhere. Fish were most highly contaminated (median 616 pg/g), then meat (median190 pg/g) and dairy products (median 32.2 pg/g). However, unlike some European countries where fish predominates, dietary intake of PBDEs in the US is mostly from meat, then fish and then dairy products. Broiling can decrease the amount of PBDEs per serving. We also measured levels of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), another brominated flame retardant, in human milk. The levels are lower than PBDEs, 0.16 -1.2 ng/g, similar to European levels, unlike PBDEs where US levels are much higher than European levels.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

Brominated flame retardants in US food

Schecter

Harris

Shah

et al. 2008

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…This was accord with the results in the previous report, which was probably strongly influenced by the air pollution of PBDEs. (Ohta et al, 2002). Little influence was found in the leguminous plants from town D (1.03 ng/g of PBDEs) because this place is relative far from E-waste sites.…”

Section: Pollution Levels and Profiles Of Pbdes In E-waste Recycling mentioning

confidence: 93%

E-waste recycling induced polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans pollution in the ambient environment

Liu

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2008

Environment International

117

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been determined in 30 samples, including soil, biota and plant collected from an electronic waste recycling site and its vicinage towns. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) were also simultaneously analyzed in 20 samples. PBDEs were detected in all soil samples and the highest was up to 789 ng/g dry weight (dw). The toxic equivalency (TEQ) of PCBs and PCDD/Fs detected in E-waste recycling site is significant higher than those in the vicinage samples. Biota and plant were also contaminated with high level of PBDEs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in this area. High levels of the three kinds of organic compounds in the environmental samples showed that the E-waste recycling have induced serious environmental problems.

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“…PBDEs have been found in fish from the Great Lakes and rivers in the United States (Dodder et al 2002;Hale et al 2001;Luross et al 2002;Manchester-Neesvig et al 2001). PBDEs have also been reported in chickens, seafood, seals, and other aquatic mammals and in human milk, fat, liver, and serum samples (Booij et al 2002;Christensen et al 2002;Darnerud et al 2001;Huwe et al 2002;Jakobsson et al 2002;Ohta et al 2002;She et al 2002;Sjodin et al 2001). Examination of Swedish human milk samples from 1972 to 1997 showed an alarming, exponential increase in PBDE levels, with a doubling rate of about 5 years (Noren and Meironyte 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples.

Mazdai

Dodder

Abernathy

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

393

279

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants in consumer goods, such as plastics, electronics, textiles, and construction material. PBDEs have been found in human milk, fat, and blood samples. Rodent studies indicate that PBDEs may be detrimental to neurodevelopment, possibly by lowering thyroid hormone concentrations in blood. In the present study, we determined concentrations of PBDEs and thyroid hormones in human fetal and maternal serum. Patients presenting in labor to Indiana University and Wishard Memorial County hospitals in Indianapolis, who were older than 18 years, were recruited to participate. Twelve paired samples of maternal and cord blood were obtained and analyzed using gas chromatographic mass spectrometry; thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Six congeners of PBDE were measured in maternal and fetal serum samples. The concentrations of total PBDEs found in maternal sera ranged from 15 to 580 ng/g lipid, and the concentrations found in fetal samples ranged from 14 to 460 ng/g lipid. Individual fetal blood concentrations did not differ from the corresponding maternal concentrations, indicating that measurement of maternal PBDE blood levels is useful in predicting fetal exposure; similarly, other reports have shown a high correlation between PBDE in mother's milk and fetal exposure. In accord with reports on other biologic samples, the tetrabrominated PBDE congener BDE-47 accounted for 53-64% of total PBDEs in the serum. The concentrations of PBDEs found in maternal and fetal serum samples were 20-106-fold higher than the levels reported previously in a similar population of Swedish mothers and infants. In this small sample, there was no apparent correlation between serum PBDEs and thyroid hormone concentrations. Our study shows that human fetuses in the United States may be exposed to relatively high levels of PBDEs. Further investigation is required to determine if these levels are specific to central Indiana and to assess the toxic potential of these exposure levels. Key words: brominated diphenyl ethers, cord blood, human, pregnancy, serum.

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Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish, vegetables, and meats and levels in human milk of nursing women in Japan

Cited by 271 publications

References 8 publications

Brominated flame retardants in US food

Brominated flame retardants in US food

E-waste recycling induced polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans pollution in the ambient environment

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples.

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