Comparison of phytoremediation potential of three grass species in soil contaminated with cadmium

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the toleration of Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra to cadmium contamination as well as the phytoremediation potential of these three species of grass. The pot experiment was conducted in four replications in pots containing 2.0 kg of soil. The soil was contaminated with three doses of Cd – 30, 60 and 120 mg·kg−1. After two months, the aerial parts of plants were harvested. The roots were dug up, brushed off from the remaining soil and washed with water. The biomass was defined and the cadmium concentration was determined in aerial parts and roots. The phytoremediation potential of grasses was evaluated using biomass of grasses, bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF). All three tested species of grasses had TF < 1 and BF-root > 1. It indicates their suitability for phytostabilisation and makes them unsuitable for phytoextraction of Cd from the soil. Comparing the usefulness of the tested grasses for phytoremediation has shown that the phytostabilisation potential of P. pratensis was lower than that of L. perenne and F. rubra. P. pratensis was distinguished by higher TF, smaller root biomass and lower tolerance for Cd excess in the soil in comparison with the two other test grasses. At the same time, L. perenne was characterised by the smallest decrease in biomass and the largest Cd accumulation in roots at the lowest dose of Cd. It indicates good usefulness for phytostabilisation of soils characterised by a relatively small pollution by cadmium.

Phytostabilization—Management Strategy for Stabilizing Trace Elements in Contaminated Soils

“…Various species of grass, such as red fescue ( Festuca rubra L.) are the most useful in the process of the aided phytostabilization of heavy metals in soils [ 17 ]. Some literature reports [ 18 , 19 ] show that F. rubra is a suitable species for the revegetation of metal-contaminated soils contaminated by industrial activities such as mining, energy, and fuel production. Furthermore, F .…”

Türkiye Florasında Peyzaj Özelliği Gösteren Hiperakümülatör Bitkilerin Maden Alanlarının Onarımında Kullanımı

“…Festuca rubra L. bitkisinin çeşitli ağır metaller ile kirletilmiş alanlarda vejetatif örtü oluşturmak için sıkça kullanılan dayanıklı bir çim bitki türü olduğu [67,68] ve yüksek ıslah özelliğine sahip olduğu belirtilmiştir [69,70]. Ayrıca bitkinin Cu, Zn, Pb ve Ni ile kirletilmiş toprakların ıslahında yaygın bir şekilde güvenli kullanılabileceği ifade edilmiştir [71,72].…”

Heavy metals, Sources, Chemistry, risks and best applicable approach for remediation of contaminated soils: A review

“…Phytoremediation can be classified into different applications, such as (1) rhizofiltration; (2) phytoextraction; (3) phytovolatilization; (4) phytodegradation; and (5) phytostabilization. Aided phytostabilization is a biological method included in the Gentle Remediation Options (GRO), which, among others, are safer and least interfere with the natural environment (Gołda and Korzeniowska, 2016.). This technique is based on the chemical stabilization of heavy metals using various non-organic and/or organic soil additives in connection with using the proper plant species (Radziemska et al, 2017).…”