“…TPC levels in the CT of five different flower cultivars ranged from low-high in accordance with: Jinzhanju < Gongju < Taiju < Hangbaiju < Xueju. The TPC of Xueju was discovered to be the maximum, rising to a peak of 123.7 mg GAE/g, notably elevated than that of the additional four varieties, while that of Jinzhanju and Gongju was (76.4 and 74.0 mg GAE/g), respectively [ 33 ]. Fig.…”
“…TPC levels in the CT of five different flower cultivars ranged from low-high in accordance with: Jinzhanju < Gongju < Taiju < Hangbaiju < Xueju. The TPC of Xueju was discovered to be the maximum, rising to a peak of 123.7 mg GAE/g, notably elevated than that of the additional four varieties, while that of Jinzhanju and Gongju was (76.4 and 74.0 mg GAE/g), respectively [ 33 ]. Fig.…”
“…Soares et al [33] mentioned that the word-association (WA) method is used in consumer and marketing research to provide insights on perceptions and attitudes to achieve a deeper understanding of what consumers really think and feel about a product. Many researchers have studied the benefit of herbs, such as roselle, ginger and chrysanthemum, and found that they are a good source of vitamins and minerals and rich in phenolic compounds known to have free-radical-scavenging abilities [34][35][36][37][38]. In this study, consumers selected the "active" and "energetic" emotion terms, as well as the "invigorated", "refreshed", and "relaxed" wellness terms for these five herbal drink products.…”
Section: Emotion and Wellness Profiles Of Herbal Drinks From Different Test Designsmentioning
The emotion and wellness profiles of herbal drinks were assessed using six different questionnaire designs. The questionnaire designs were constructed from two formats of questionnaire items, including words and sentences, and three types of measuring scales, including a rating scale (5-point intensity; 1 = ‘not at all’, 5 = ‘extremely’), a checklist scale (check-all-that-apply, CATA), and a combination of CATA and rating scales (rate-all-that-apply, RATA; 5-point intensity; 1 = ‘slightly’, 5 = ‘extremely’). The 39 emotional terms of the EsSense Profile® and the 45 wellness terms of the WellSense ProfileTM were translated into Thai, then screened for relevance to herbal drinks. The seven positive emotional terms (active, energetic, good, happy, polite, satisfied, and warm), three negative emotional terms (bored, disgusted, and worried), and five wellness terms (comforted, healthy, invigorated, relaxed, and refreshed) were selected and included in the questionnaire. A central location test was performed to determine the emotion and wellness profiles of five herbal drinks: roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) drink, chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) drink, ginger (Zingiber officinale) drink, Jubliang (a mixture of eight herbs) drink, and Krachai Dam (Kaempferia parviflora) drink. For herbal drinks, measuring emotion and wellness with a questionnaire using full sentences did not show increased benefit over questionnaires using words alone. All three measuring methods—a rating scale, CATA, and RATA—produced similar emotion and wellness profiles. However, each method has different advantages and limitations, which researchers should carefully consider.
“…Foremost, the antioxidant properties of the extract are notable, with avonoids and phenolic compounds combating harmful free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and the risk of chronic diseases (Tian et al, 2019). Notably, a study by Cao et al (2020) identi ed catechin as the predominant phenolic compound in Chrysanthemum owers, underscoring its antioxidative potential. The extract particularly in the form of tea, is known to have calming effect.…”
Chrysanthemum blossoms, renowned for their aesthetic appeal, have gained recognition as potential contributors to nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, thereby impacting human health. Phytochemical composition and antioxidative properties of 22 distinct Indian chrysanthemum cultivars was studied. The cultivars viz., Bidhan Protima, Mauve Sarah, Silk Brocate, Diamond Jubilee, and Mahatma Gandhi displayed remarkable levels of phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and carotenoids, emphasizing their superior antioxidant capacity. This study also presents the first quantitative determination of total saponin content in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Hierarchical analysis categorized cultivars into three groups based on their phytochemical profiles. Correlation analysis underscored the importance of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds in antioxidative attributes. Additionally, variations in carotenoid content unveiled astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, mutatochrome, canthaxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and auroxanthin as potential biomarkers in differentiating cultivars. The research elucidates the rich phytochemical diversity of Indian chrysanthemum cultivars, positioning them as invaluable resources for nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, with potential benefits for human well-being.
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