Comparison of Phenolic Content of Easily Removed Pellicle of Japanese Chestnut ‘Porotan’ with Other Japanese and Chinese Chestnut Cultivars

Sato, Akihiko; Tánaka, Keiichi; Takada, Norio; Sawamura, Yutaka; Hirabayashi, T.

doi:10.2503/jjshs1.79.258

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, Chinese chestnut cultivars bore nuts with difficult-peeling pellicles when pollinated with Japanese chestnut cultivars (Osaki and Sasou, 1942), although some exceptions have been reported (Iimori and Ohta, 1943;Kajiura, 1932). In addition, 'Porotan' accumulated more phenolic compounds in pellicle tissue than did Chinese chestnut cultivars (Sato et al, 2010); this is in contrast to a previous report (Tanaka et al, 1981) that the difference in adhesiveness between the pellicle and kernel were characterized by the amount of phenolic compounds in pellicle tissue, which was lower in easy-peeling Chinese chestnut than difficult-peeling Japanese chestnut. Thus, the mechanism underlying the easy-peeling pellicle trait of 'Porotan' may be different from that found in Chinese chestnut.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of the Easy-peeling Pellicle Trait of Japanese Chestnut Cultivar Porotan

Takada¹,

Nishio²,

Yamada³

et al. 2012

horts

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‘Porotan’ is a Japanese chestnut cultivar (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) that was selected from offspring of the cross 550-40 × ‘Tanzawa’ and released in 2006. Its nut is distinguished by a pellicle that is easy to peel after roasting; previously, all Japanese chestnut cultivars were thought to have a pellicle that was difficult to peel. Both 550-40 and ‘Tanzawa’ are Japanese chestnuts, and 550-40 is a selection descended from ‘Tanzawa’. Both 550-40 and ‘Tanzawa’ have a pellicle that is difficult to peel. Among 59 offspring of a cross of 550-40 × ‘Tanzawa’, 12 had an easy-peeling pellicle and 47 had a difficult-peeling pellicle; this ratio is not significantly different from the 1:3 expected ratio for monogenic inheritance based on a chi-square test at P = 0.05. A half-diallel cross without selfings was made among ‘Porotan’, ‘Tanzawa’, and ‘Tsukuba’. All the offspring from ‘Tanzawa’ × ‘Tsukuba’ and from ‘Tsukuba’ × ‘Porotan’ had a difficult-peeling pellicle; in contrast, 39 offspring from ‘Tanzawa’ × ‘Porotan’ segregated in a ratio of 19 difficult-peeling pellicle to 20 easy-peeling pellicle, which is not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio for monogenic segregation based on a chi-square test at P = 0.05. These results suggest that the easy-peeling pellicle trait of ‘Porotan’ is controlled by a major recessive gene at a single locus. We designated the pellicle peelability locus as P/p. According to this model, the ‘Tsukuba’ genotype is homozygous-dominant (PP), the ‘Tanzawa’ genotype is heterozygous (Pp), and the ‘Porotan’ genotype is homozygous-recessive (pp).

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of the Easy-peeling Pellicle Trait of Japanese Chestnut Cultivar Porotan

Takada¹,

Nishio²,

Yamada³

et al. 2012

horts

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“…This cultivar might have been selected from seeds of other cultivars originated in these regions. It has relatively large nut size like Japanese chestnut (23.9 g; S3 Table), mealy texture like Chinese chestnut [13], and moderate pellicle peelability [44], which was likely inherited from Chinese chestnut. Because of its good nut quality, 'Riheiguri' and its relatives have been used in breeding programs, resulting in the release of new hybrid cultivars such as 'Shuhou' and 'Mikuri'.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence that Chinese chestnut cultivars in Japan are derived from two divergent genetic structures that originated in China

et al. 2020

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The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) was introduced into Japan about 100 years ago. Since then, a number of Chinese chestnut cultivars and Japanese-Chinese hybrid cultivars have been selected by farmers and plant breeders, but little information has been available about their origins and genetic relationships. A classification based on simple sequence repeat markers was conducted using 230 cultivars including Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) cultivars originated in Japan, Japanese-Chinese hybrid cultivars, and Chinese chestnut cultivars originated in both Japan and China. First, a search for synonyms (cultivars with identical genotypes) revealed 23 synonym groups among the Chinese chestnut cultivars, and all but one cultivar from each synonym group was omitted from further analyses. Second, genetic structure analysis showed a clear division between Japanese and Chinese chestnut, and most of the Japanese and Chinese cultivars had a simple genetic structure corresponding to the expected species. On the other hand, most Japanese-Chinese hybrid cultivars had admixed genetic structure. Through a combination of parentage and chloroplast haplotype analyses, 16 of the 18 hybrid cultivars in this study were inferred to have parent-offspring relationships with other cultivars originated in Japan. Finally, Bayesian clustering and chloroplast haplotype analysis showed that the 116 Chinese chestnut cultivars could be divided into two groups: one originated in the Hebei region of China and the other originated in the Jiangsu and Anhui regions of China. The Chinese chestnut cultivars selected in Japan showed various patterns of genetic structure including Hebei origin, Jiangsu or Anhui origin, and admixed. The chestnut cultivar genetic classifications obtained in this study will be useful for both Japanese and Chinese chestnut breeding programs.

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“…et Zucc (Japanese chestnut), belonging to the family Fagaceae, is a woody native plant of Japan and South Korea, and widely cultivated in Asian countries [ 1 , 2 ]. The total annual chestnut consumption in Japan is above 20,000 tons [ 3 ]. This species has been used as a traditional medicine in many countries for centuries [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compositions and Antioxidant Properties in Bark, Flower, Inner Skin, Kernel and Leaf Extracts of Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc

et al. 2017

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In this study, different plant parts (barks, flowers, inner skins, kernels and leaves) of Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut) were analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching methods. The highest total phenolic and tannin contents were found in the inner skins (1034 ± 7.21 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 253.89 ± 5.59 mg catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively). The maximum total flavonoid content was observed in the flowers (147.41 ± 1.61 mg rutin equivalent/g extract). The inner skins showed the strongest antioxidant activities in all evaluated assays. Thirteen phenolic acids and eight flavonoids were detected and quantified for the first time. Major phenolic acids were gallic, ellagic, sinapic, and p-coumaric acids, while the principal flavonoids were myricetin and isoquercitrin. The inner skin extract was further fractionated by column chromatography to yield four fractions, of which fraction F3 exhibited the most remarkable DPPH scavenging capacity. These results suggest that C. crenata provides promising antioxidant capacities, and is a potential natural preservative agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Comparison of Phenolic Content of Easily Removed Pellicle of Japanese Chestnut ‘Porotan’ with Other Japanese and Chinese Chestnut Cultivars

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Inheritance of the Easy-peeling Pellicle Trait of Japanese Chestnut Cultivar Porotan

Inheritance of the Easy-peeling Pellicle Trait of Japanese Chestnut Cultivar Porotan

Genetic evidence that Chinese chestnut cultivars in Japan are derived from two divergent genetic structures that originated in China

Phenolic Compositions and Antioxidant Properties in Bark, Flower, Inner Skin, Kernel and Leaf Extracts of Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc

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