Comparison of pesticide exposure from consumption of domestic and imported fruits and vegetables

Katz, Josh; Winter, Carl K.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.024

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, these compounds are toxic to humans at certain levels and their presence in the diet may be a health concern to humans (Bjørling- Poulsen, Andersen, & Grandjean, 2008;Breckenridge et al, 2009;CODEX, 2009;Mendes, Mendes, Cipullo, & Burdmann, 2005;Menegola, Broccia, Di Renzo, & Giavini, 2006;USEPA, 2001). In addition to providing data to assess whether the product is being applied to the crop according to the instructions on the approved labels (compliance with MRL), pesticide residue monitoring program data can also be used to assess the human health risk from exposure to pesticide through the diet (Claeys et al, 2011;Caldas & Souza, 2004;Jensen et al, 2009;Katz & Winter, 2009). Furthermore, the cumulative exposure to multiple residues with the same mechanism of action (organophosphate and carbamates, AChE inhibitors, and triazoles, sterol 14-demethylase inhibitors) can lead to unsafe intake of these compounds in the diet Caldas, Tresssou et al, 2006, EFSA, 2010USEPA, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian monitoring programs for pesticide residues in food – Results from 2001 to 2010

2012

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a b s t r a c tA total of 13,556 samples of 22 fruit and vegetable crops, rice, and beans were analyzed within two Brazilian pesticide residue monitoring programs between 2001 and 2010. Pesticide residues were found in 48.3% of the samples, and 13.2% presented some irregularity, mostly non-authorized active ingredient use. Less than 3% of the samples had residue levels above the MRL. Apple, papaya, sweet pepper and strawberry were the crops with the higher percentages of positive samples (about 80%). Dithiocarbamates and organophosphorus compounds were found in 41.6% and 30.8% of the samples, respectively. Carbendazim and chlorpyrifos were the pesticides most found (26.7 and 16.1% of positive samples, respectively). Almost half of the samples analyzed had multiple residues (up to 10 residues), with multiple residues most common in samples of apple, sweet pepper and tomato. About 8% of positive samples contained up to four residues of the same chemical class, mainly organophosphorus compounds (18.6%, mostly in apple) and triazoles (16.1%, mostly in papaya and grape). In general, the scenario of pesticide residues in foods investigated within the Brazilian governmental monitoring programs in the last decade is similar to what has been found in other countries. However, the use of non-authorized active ingredients is a common practice among the farmers in the country, a problem that the government authorities have been trying to solve. A preliminary cumulative acute exposure assessment for organophosphates and carbamates in apple has shown that the intake by individuals 10 years old accounts for 100% of the acephate ARfD, indicating a need to further investigate the exposure through the consumptions of other crops and group of pesticides, mainly for children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian monitoring programs for pesticide residues in food – Results from 2001 to 2010

2012

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“…Each residue file consisted of sample-specific findings (both detections and nondetections) for all residue determinations. Residue findings considered as nondetections were assigned a value of zero, using the same approach taken by Katz and Winter [5], rather than using the much more conservative approach of considering nondetectable residues as being to one-half of the detection limits. Exposure estimates were made using LifeLine probabilistic modeling software (LifeLine software version 5.0, Annandale, VA, http://www.thelifelinegroup.org/).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Exposure to Pesticide Residues from Commodities Alleged to Contain the Highest Contamination Levels

Winter

Katz

2011

Journal of Toxicology

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Probabilistic techniques were used to characterize dietary exposure of consumers to pesticides found in twelve commodities implicated as having the greatest potential for pesticide residue contamination by a United States-based environmental advocacy group. Estimates of exposures were derived for the ten most frequently detected pesticide residues on each of the twelve commodities based upon residue findings from the United States Department of Agriculture's Pesticide Data Program. All pesticide exposure estimates were well below established chronic reference doses (RfDs). Only one of the 120 exposure estimates exceeded 1% of the RfD (methamidophos on bell peppers at 2% of the RfD), and only seven exposure estimates (5.8 percent) exceeded 0.1% of the RfD. Three quarters of the pesticide/commodity combinations demonstrated exposure estimates below 0.01% of the RfD (corresponding to exposures one million times below chronic No Observable Adverse Effect Levels from animal toxicology studies), and 40.8% had exposure estimates below 0.001% of the RfD. It is concluded that (1) exposures to the most commonly detected pesticides on the twelve commodities pose negligible risks to consumers, (2) substitution of organic forms of the twelve commodities for conventional forms does not result in any appreciable reduction of consumer risks, and (3) the methodology used by the environmental advocacy group to rank commodities with respect to pesticide risks lacks scientific credibility.

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“…When pesticide residues exceed the MRL that is established specifically for a particular pesticide on a particular food item, they will constitute a violation of legal limits and the more common form of violative residues occur when they are detected on a food item for which a tolerance has not been established (Katz & Winter, 2009). The 23 pesticide residues resulted in 89 violations, six pesticides (carbaryl, biphenyl, carbofuran, propoxur, tolcofos-methyl and azobenzene) were responsible for 63 (71%) of these violations.…”

Section: Pesticidementioning

confidence: 98%

Estimated daily intake of pesticide residues exposure by vegetables grown in greenhouses in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2011

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Comparison of pesticide exposure from consumption of domestic and imported fruits and vegetables

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Brazilian monitoring programs for pesticide residues in food – Results from 2001 to 2010

Brazilian monitoring programs for pesticide residues in food – Results from 2001 to 2010

Dietary Exposure to Pesticide Residues from Commodities Alleged to Contain the Highest Contamination Levels

Estimated daily intake of pesticide residues exposure by vegetables grown in greenhouses in Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

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