Comparison of Peroxidase Response to Mental Arithmetic Stress in Saliva of Smokers and Non-Smokers

Abstract

-Saliva is the first body fluid to encounter exogenous materials or gases such as cigarette smoke (CS). The aim of this study was to examine whether smoking affects oral peroxidase (OPO) reactivity to mental stress. The subjects were 39 non-smokers and 10 smokers. In the experiment, the Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test as a psychological stressor and saliva was sampled 30 min before, just before, immediately after, and 30 min after the beginning of the test. OPO reactivity to the test between smokers and non-smokers was measured in addition to uric acid concentration, flow rate, IgA, thiocyanate (SCN − ) concentration, amylase activity as a salivary stress marker, and ultra-weak chemiluminescence (UCL) level, which is indicative of salivary antioxidative and antibacterial abilities. Moreover, we studied the effect of smoking on the response of salivary peroxidase (SPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity to mental stress, respectively. The results showed that the IgA concentration, amylase activity, SCN − concentration, and UCL level are higher in the non-smoking group than smoking group and the IgA concentration and UCL level increased in the non-smokers significantly just after the Kraepelin test. The levels of SCN − were higher in smokers than in non-smokers and OPO activity was greater in the non-smoking group in all sessions. Furthermore, only the non-smokers had significantly increased MPO activity just after the test. MPO may play a crucial role in the response to acute psychological stress besides inflammation, and CS suppresses this response significantly.

Oral administration of Cimicifuga racemosa extract attenuates psychological and physiological stress responses

“…It is a serial addition test, requiring subjects to perform calculations as rapidly and accurately as possible within 60 min. It requires focused effort and attention by the subject, making it useful for the assessment not only of character but also of psychological stress (20,29). Indeed, it has been widely used as a psychological stressor to assess work apti-tents of the capsule.…”

Experimental and numerical research to assess indoor environment quality and schoolwork performance in university classrooms

“…The results of the test provide an estimate of the individual's character. The K test requires focused effort and attention by the subject, making this test useful for the assessment of character and mental stress [28,29]. In fact, it has been used widely to assess work aptitude as a mental stressor [28,30].…”

“…The K test requires focused effort and attention by the subject, making this test useful for the assessment of character and mental stress [28,29]. In fact, it has been used widely to assess work aptitude as a mental stressor [28,30]. The distributive attention test called "Prague" that was developed by the Polytechnic Institute of Prague requests that the subject focus on multiple tasks and appreciate its resistance to mental fatigue [31,32].…”

Influência do fumo na atividade da amilase salivar e na curva glicêmica

“…Estes resultados estão de acordo com Nagler et al 16,17 , os quais demonstraram, in vitro, a exposição da saliva a nove puffs de fumaça do cigarro induz à elevação de proteínas carboniladas, provavelmente devido à reação de seus grupos tióis com os aldeídos presentes na fase gasosa, causando uma redução de 34% da atividade da amilase salivar. Goi et al 18 também demonstram a diminuição da atividade da amilase salivar em fumantes e das enzimas antioxidantes. Os resultados obtidos no gráfico acima mostram que a atividade da enzima antes e após alimentação apresentou-se 87,3% e 87,5% menor nos indivíduos fumantes.…”