Comparison of Peritoneal Low-Molecular-Weight-Protein-Removal in CCPD and CAPD Patients Based on C-Terminal Agrin Fragment Clearance

Steubl, Dominik; Roos, Marcel; Hettwer, Stefan; Angermann, Susanne; Wen, Ming; Schmaderer, Christoph; Luppa, Peter B.; Heemann, Uwe; Renders, Lutz

doi:10.1159/000443419

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Four papers were identified that compared levels of TREM2 in the brains of patients with AD and controls ( Supplementary Materials Table 6 ). Two identified an increase of TREM2 in AD, 61 , 106 whereas one reported no difference relative to control 76 and one reported opposing results for qPCR and western analysis. 107 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Both papers that examined the temporal cortex identified an increase in TREM2, either for the protein, 61 , 106 staining intensity by immunohistochemistry 61 or gene expression. 106 Roussos et al 107 examined the impact of R47H genotype on TREM2 mRNA and protein in the superior temporal gyrus. They also reported higher TREM2 gene expression in AD R47H carriers relative to controls and no difference in TREM2 between AD noncarriers and control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, Sanchez-Mejias et al 76 identified no difference in TREM2 gene expression relative to control in the hippocampus CA1, CA3 and the parahippocampal gyrus. As with CD33, TREM2 expression is increased even when adjusting for Iba1, 106 and hence it can be considered a marker of microglial function as opposed to number.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

et al. 2017

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Neuroinflammation is proposed as one of the mechanisms by which Alzheimer’s disease pathology, including amyloid-β plaques, leads to neuronal death and dysfunction. Increases in the expression of markers of microglia, the main neuroinmmune cell, are widely reported in brains from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, but the literature has not yet been systematically reviewed to determine whether this is a consistent pathological feature. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and PsychINFO for articles published up to 23 February 2017. Papers were included if they quantitatively compared microglia markers in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease and aged controls without neurological disease. A total of 113 relevant articles were identified. Consistent increases in markers related to activation, such as major histocompatibility complex II (36/43 studies) and cluster of differentiation 68 (17/21 studies), were identified relative to nonneurological aged controls, whereas other common markers that stain both resting and activated microglia, such as ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (10/20 studies) and cluster of differentiation 11b (2/5 studies), were not consistently elevated. Studies of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 that used cell counts almost uniformly identified no difference relative to control, indicating that increases in activation occurred without an expansion of the total number of microglia. White matter and cerebellum appeared to be more resistant to these increases than other brain regions. Nine studies were identified that included high pathology controls, patients who remained free of dementia despite Alzheimer’s disease pathology. The majority (5/9) of these studies reported higher levels of microglial markers in Alzheimer’s disease relative to controls, suggesting that these increases are not solely a consequence of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. These results show that increased markers of microglia are a consistent feature of Alzheimer’s disease, though this seems to be driven primarily by increases in activation-associated markers, as opposed to markers of all microglia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, we were able to follow the time dependence from begin of the monitoring. Values for both peritoneal and renal Na and P removal showed great intra- and interindividual variability which is commonly encountered in studies examining solute clearance in PD [20, 21]. We addressed this by using a mixed model with time as independent variable and taking into account each replicate values of a patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Monitoring of Sodium and Phosphorus Removal in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Patients Treated with Continuous Ambulatory PD (CAPD), Automated PD (APD) or Combined CAPD+APD

Moor¹,

Wagner

Sayer³

et al. 2017

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background: Adequate removal of sodium (Na) and phosphorus (P) is of paramount importance for patients with dialysis-dependent kidney disease can easily quantified in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Some studies suggest that automated PD (APD) results in lower Na and P removal. Methods: In this study we retrospectively analysed our data on Na and P removal in PD patients after implementation of a routine monitoring in 2011. Patients were stratified in those treated with continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD, n=24), automated PD (APD, n=23) and APD with one bag change (CAPD+APD, n=10). Until 2015 we collected time-varying data on Na and P removal from each patient (median 5 [interquartile range 4-8] values). Results: Peritoneal Na and P removal (mmol per 24h ± standard deviation) was 102 ± 48 and 8 ± 2 in the CAPD, 90 ± 46 and 9 ± 3 in the APD and 126 ± 39 and 13 ± 2 in the CAPD+APD group (ANOVA P=0.141 and <0.001). Taking renal excretion into account total Na and P removal (mmol per 24h) was 221 ± 65 and 16 ± 5 in the CAPD, 189 ± 58 and 17 ± 6 in the APD and 183 ± 38 and 16 ± 6 in the CAPD+APD group (P=0.107 and 0.764). Over time, peritoneal removal of Na but not that of P increased in all groups. In patients with modifications of PD treatment, Na but not P removal was significantly increased over-time. Conclusions: Overall Na and P removal were similar with different PD modalities. Individualized adjustments of PD prescription including icodextrin use or higher glucose concentration can improve Na removal while P removal is mainly determined by the dialysate volume.

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“…Regarding peritoneal dialysis, its removal is highly dependent of RKF with very low peritoneal clearance [45,46]. However, clearance of cystatin C was reported to be higher during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) when compared with continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD), but still the proportion of peritoneal clearance was only around 3-20% of total Cys C clearance [47].…”

Section: Cystatin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Residual Kidney Function: Present and Future Challenge

Castro

Rodrigues

2020

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

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Residual kidney function is a major prognosis factor in patients with end-stage renal disease under hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Advances in later years promoted residual kidney function protection as an adequacy target and the advocacy of incremental dialysis, utilizing its assessment as a parameter of individualized dialysis schedules. Glomerular filtration rate measurement is only a dimension of kidney function neglecting the share of tubular function, with several dialytic limitations. The need for interdialytic urine collections to quantify residual kidney function, by the mean of urea and creatinine clearances, is cumbersome and prone to errors in dialysis patients. This review will approach residual kidney function estimation without urine collection, mainly with biomarkers such as cystatin C, beta-2 microglobulin, and beta-trace protein, as well as the behavior of these molecules on various dialysis modalities, their non-renal determinants, and its potential use for patient risk stratification. Multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis is also described as a promising approach to estimate residual kidney function, being an opportunity to highlight the relevant link between volume balance and diuresis. We conclude that standard glomerular filtration rate estimation formulas are not sufficiently accurate for residual kidney function assessment. There is a need for innovative tools that consider glomerular and interstitial function to be implement in clinical practice, therefore the new equations already developed and approached in this review should be validated in larger cohorts. Keywords Residual kidney function. Dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis. Cystatin C. Beta-trace protein. Beta-2 microglobulin Residual Kidney Function Is More than Glomerular Filtration Rate Urine output is variable throughout the ESRD spectrum, ranging from normal levels to anuria; it is determined not only by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) but also by the rate of tubular reabsorption. This RKF has an importance that is disproportionately high relative to its measured value in uremic solute removal. The removal of slowly diffusing intracellular uremic compounds is dialysis treatment time dependent; however, This article is part of the Topical Collection on Medicine * Inês Castro

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Comparison of Peritoneal Low-Molecular-Weight-Protein-Removal in CCPD and CAPD Patients Based on C-Terminal Agrin Fragment Clearance

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

Routine Monitoring of Sodium and Phosphorus Removal in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Patients Treated with Continuous Ambulatory PD (CAPD), Automated PD (APD) or Combined CAPD+APD

Estimating Residual Kidney Function: Present and Future Challenge

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