Comparison of Performance and Oxidation of Nitronic-50 and Stainless Steel 316 in Subcritical and Supercritical Water Environments

Karmiol, Zachary; Chidambaram, Dev

doi:10.1007/s11661-016-3368-z

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…[19][20][21][22][23] Hematite features observed on these samples were also in agreement with numerous studies on iron oxides. 21,[24][25][26][27] The maghemite features observed on these samples are in agreement with literature with respect to position and shape. 19,24,27 The presence of potassium nitrite (KNO 2 ) and sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ) as features in the Raman spectra of the sample surfaces were recorded as the presence of these compounds in molten solar salt have been reported by multiple authors as the result of thermal decomposition and as the primary mechanism for oxidation of species in this melt.…”

Section: Exposure Study Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…25,26,34,35 Due to the similarities of magnetite and nickel ferrite Raman features, there is a possibility that the broad peak in the 650-710 cm −1 region is a convolution of the two spinels; however, the features indicative of nickel ferrite are in better agreement with the recorded spectra than magnetite and have been labeled as such.…”

Section: Exposure Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[20][21][22][25][26][27] The Raman spectra of the polished surface of the 800H sample exposed for 100 hours at 500…”

Section: Exposure Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Behavior of Structural Materials for Potential Use in Nitrate Salts Based Solar Thermal Power Plants

Summers

Chidambaram

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Commercial and economic success of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants requires operating at maximum efficiency and capacity which necessitates the use of materials that are reliable at high temperatures. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of structural alloys in molten nitrate salts at three temperatures common to CSP plants. Corrosion behavior was evaluated using gravimetric and inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. Surface oxide structure and chemistry was characterized using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical behavior of candidate structural alloys Alloy 4130, austenitic stainless steel 316, and super-austenitic Incoloy 800H was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization characteristics. Gravimetric and ICP-OES analysis indicated that Alloy 4130 exhibited the least corrosion resistance at 500 • C compared to SS316 and 800H. However, at 300 • C, the three alloys exhibited similar weight gain. Electrochemical evaluation of these candidate materials was observed to correlate well with the corrosion behavior observed from gravimetric and ICP-OES analysis. This study identifies that all three alloys exhibited acceptable corrosion rate in 300 • C molten salt, while elevated salt temperatures require the more corrosion resistant alloys, stainless steel 316 and 800H. Characterization of the sample surfaces revealed the presence of spinels at lower temperatures, while Fe 2 O 3 was the dominant iron oxide at higher temperatures for each alloy. Like all power plants, maximizing the conversion efficiency of solar energy in a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant is essential to minimizing cost and resources while maximizing energy output. The choice of heat transfer fluid is a fundamental parameter in maximizing efficiency of an energy source. A heat transfer fluid that can also function as an energy storage medium for solar energy while being chemically compatible with the structural components of the plant is an ideal candidate for implementation.Significant research had been performed from 1982 to 1985 on the use of molten salt as a heat transfer medium in solar power applications. Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico conducted the Molten Salt Electric Experiment (MSEE) which was the first power tower system to use molten nitrate salt as the primary working fluid to produce electricity. This experiment proved the feasibility of using molten salt as a heat transfer medium in a central receiver design along with a two-tank storage system designed to address intermittency. 1The MSEE used a molten nitrate salt composition of 40% KNO 3 and 60% NaNO 3 by weight which is the composition used for the study presented herein.Corrosion of structural components is determined by the properties of the heat transfer fluid and corrosion resistance of the components in contact with that heat transfer fluid. Depending on the corrosion resistance of the alloy to a high-temperature, oxidizing environment, the alloy will either form an adherent, compact oxid...

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Section: Exposure Study Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Exposure Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Corrosion Behavior of Structural Materials for Potential Use in Nitrate Salts Based Solar Thermal Power Plants

Summers

Chidambaram

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The corrosion behavior of stainless steels in SCW has been widely reported to evaluate their corrosion resistance; however, the investigations on 316 SS are still limited, and the working conditions in these studies did not cover the temperature range 400–650°C 28–31 . In this study, the oxidation test of 316 SS in SCW was conducted at 798 K and 24 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel for advanced high‐temperature water‐cooled nuclear plant

Cheng

Liu

Yang

et al. 2022

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Corrosion occurs widely in the supercritical water system materials under high temperature and pressure. To select reliable candidate materials, corrosion behavior of many alloys was investigated. This study focused on investigating the corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel (316 SS) in supercritical water (798 K/24 MPa). After exposed to SCW for 200 h, the oxidation kinetics, surface morphology, and diffusion of elements were investigated by weight measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface of 316 SS showed isolated and discontinued oxide scales. The oxide scale was determined to be a monolayer layer, and the main composition was determined to be Fe-Cr-rich spinel with a few amounts of magnetite attached to the surface. A few pores due to pitting corrosion were found on the surface, and the oxidation mechanism was also investigated.

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“…10,11 SAE stainless steel 316 (SS316), Nitronic 50 (N50), Inconel 625 (I625), and Inconel 718 (I718) were chosen for the tests because they are used extensively in high-temperature power plants. 4,7,8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] This research aims to establish a method for evaluating corrosion rates in pure SCW and to reduce the test time to less than 24 h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated estimation of corrosion rate in supercritical and ultra-supercritical water

Rodriguez

Chidambaram

2017

npj Mater Degrad

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This study explores a methodology for the determination of the accelerated corrosion rate of candidate materials to be used in advanced supercritical and ultra-supercritical water-based thermal reactors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical frequency modulation were used to evaluate the corrosion rates of SAE 316 stainless steel, Nitronic 50, Inconel 718, and Inconel 625 in supercritical water at 530°C and in ultra-supercritical water at 600°C. The results were compared to the results of gravimetric studies that were performed to determine the viability of the utilization of electrochemical analyses in supercritical and ultra-supercritical water. For all of the conditions that were tested, results showed that the corrosion rates during electrochemical testing had trends that were similar to the long-term gravimetric results. Thus, the hybrid methodology described in this manuscript can reduce testing times from >1000 h to~10 h.

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Comparison of Performance and Oxidation of Nitronic-50 and Stainless Steel 316 in Subcritical and Supercritical Water Environments

Cited by 14 publications

References 77 publications

Corrosion Behavior of Structural Materials for Potential Use in Nitrate Salts Based Solar Thermal Power Plants

Corrosion Behavior of Structural Materials for Potential Use in Nitrate Salts Based Solar Thermal Power Plants

Corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel for advanced high‐temperature water‐cooled nuclear plant

Accelerated estimation of corrosion rate in supercritical and ultra-supercritical water

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