Comparison of peak oxygen uptake and exercise efficiency between upper-body poling and arm crank ergometry in trained paraplegic and able-bodied participants

Baumgart, Julia Kathrin; Gürtler, Laura; Ettema, Gertjan; Sandbakk, Øyvind

doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3912-1

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…This is contrary to our hypothesis and might suggest that trunk oscillations and shifts in center of gravity, that contribute more to propulsion in the WTR compared to the ACE mode (Vanlandewijck et al, 2001), do not necessarily lead to a larger active muscle mass with a consequently higher VO 2peak . In line with the other mode comparisons in the current review, Arabi et al (1997) found no difference in VO 2peak between WERG and WTR and Baumgart et al (2018b) found no difference in VO 2peak between ACE and UBP or between WERG and WTR. However, our ability to conclude with certainty is limited due to the wide CIs of the overall effect, the limited to moderate LoE and the limited amount of studies included for these comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…One study compared body-mass normalized VO 2peak between the WERG and the WTR mode and found no difference (Arabi et al, 1997) (LoE: limited). In addition, one study compared absolute and body-mass normalized VO 2peak between the ACE and the UBP mode and found no difference (Baumgart et al, 2018b) We were only able to investigate the influence of body mass and participant-related characteristics on differences in FIGURE 3 | ES, Effect size (95% CI range) of the difference in (A) absolute and (B) body-mass normalized VO 2peak between the arm crank ergometer vs. wheelchair ergometer mode. The dot size indicates the relative weight of each study in determining the overall effect size.…”

Section: Meta-analyses: Comparison Of Vo 2peak Between Modesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Four and five studies compared absolute and body-mass normalized VO 2peak , respectively, in 43 and 51 participants, between the ACE and the WTR modes. VO 2peak was compared between the WERG and WTR mode in one study including 13 participants (Arabi et al, 1997) and between the ACE and UBP mode in one study including 18 participants (Baumgart et al, 2018b).…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a higher VO 2peak might be expected in WERG, WTR, and UBP compared to the ACE mode, speculatively due to recruitment of more active muscle mass during the synchronous movement. Some studies have shown higher values in the WERG or WTR compared to the ACE mode (Wicks et al, 1983;Gass et al, 1995;Bloemen et al, 2015), whereas others show no differences between the WERG, WTR, and UBP and the ACE mode (Gayle et al, 1990;Martel et al, 1991;Arabi et al, 1997;Baumgart et al, 2018b). Furthermore, in a previous study, we conducted a pooled regression analysis based on 22 studies in 169 wheelchair athletes, in which the WERG/WTR mode resulted in 5 mL•kg −1 •min −1 higher VO 2peak compared to ACE (Baumgart et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Peak Oxygen Uptake Between Upper-Body Exercise Modes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Baumgart¹,

Brurok²,

Sandbakk³

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Purpose: To compare peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak) between the asynchronous arm crank ergometry (ACE), and synchronous wheelchair ergometry (WERG), wheelchair treadmill (WTR), and upper-body poling (UBP) mode. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus TM were systematically searched, and identified studies screened based on title, abstract, and thereafter full-text. Studies comparing VO 2peak between ≥2 of the modes were included. A meta-analysis was performed by pooling the differences in VO 2peak between upper-body exercise modes. The quality of the included studies was assessed and the level of evidence (LoE) established for each mode comparison. Meta-regression analyses investigated the effect of total body mass and participant-related characteristics (% of able-bodied participants, % of participants with tetraplegia and % of participants who are wheelchair athletes) on differences in VO 2peak between modes. Results: Of the 19 studies included in this review, 14 studies investigated the difference in absolute and body-mass normalized VO 2peak between ACE and WERG, and 5 studies examined the differences between ACE and WTR. No significant difference in absolute or body-mass normalized VO 2peak was found between ACE and WERG (overall effect ±95% CI: 0.01 ± 0.06 L•min −1 and 0.06 ± 1.2 ml•kg −1 • min −1 , both p > 0.75; LoE: strong). No significant difference in absolute or body-mass normalized VO 2peak was found between ACE and WTR (overall effect ±95% CI: −0.10 ± 0.18 L•min −1 and −1.8 ± 2.5 ml•kg −1 •min −1 , both p > 0.14; LoE: moderate). Absolute and/or body-mass normalized VO 2peak did not differ between WERG and WTR in one study with 13 participants (LoE: limited) and between ACE and UBP in one study with 18 participants (LoE: moderate). In the meta-regression analyses, there was no significant effect of the investigated factors on differences in VO 2peak. Baumgart et al. VO 2peak Differences Between Upper-Body Exercise Modes Conclusions: The differences between the asynchronous ACE and synchronous WERG propulsion, including possible differences in trunk involvement, do not seem to influence VO 2peak. Therefore, ACE and WERG can be used interchangeably to test VO 2peak. Possible differences in VO 2peak in all other mode comparisons remain unclear due to the wide CIs and limited to moderate LoE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Meta-analyses: Comparison Of Vo 2peak Between Modesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Peak Oxygen Uptake Between Upper-Body Exercise Modes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Baumgart¹,

Brurok²,

Sandbakk³

2020

Front. Physiol.

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“…VT. USA). The equipment used to assess body mass, as well as respiratory parameters, BLa and RPE during the incremental test in accordance with Baumgart et al ( 2018b ). HR was assessed with the same Garmin Forerunner 920XT used during the outdoor testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Framework for the Investigation of Speed, Power, and Kinematic Patterns in Para Cross-Country Sit-Skiing: A Case Study of an LW12 Athlete

Baumgart

Haugnes

Bardal

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Objective: To develop a framework for the investigation of speed, power, and kinematic patterns across varying terrain in crosscountry (XC) sit-skiing, and to test this framework in a XC sit-skier of the LW12 class during high-(HIT) and low-intensity (LIT) endurance training. Methods: One XC sit-skiing athlete of the LW12 class with a single above-the-knee amputation was equipped with a GNSS enabled sports watch with integrated barometry and heart rate monitoring (peak heart rate: 195 beats•min −1), and an inertial measurement unit. After a warm-up, he performed two 20-m maximal speed tests on a flat and an uphill section to determine maximal speed and power, followed by skiing 5.75 km at both LIT and HIT in varying terrain. Results: 51, 28, and 21% of the time during HIT and 53, 28, and 19% of the time during LIT were spent in uphill, flat and downhill terrain, respectively. Maximal speed in the uphill and flat section was 4.0 and 6.2 m•s −1 , respectively, and the corresponding maximal power output 342 and 252 W. The % of maximal speed did not differ between the uphill and the flat section (HIT: 66 vs. 67%, LIT: 47 vs. 50%), whereas the % of maximal power output was lower in the uphill than flat section (HIT: 65 and 80%, LIT: 46 and 58%). Still, the absolute power output was slightly higher in the uphill than the flat section (HIT: 222 vs. 201 W, LIT: 156 vs. 145 W). Furthermore, cycle rate was significantly higher during HIT than LIT (60-61 vs. 45-55 cycles•min −1 , across all terrains, all p < 0.03), while cycle length was longer in the uphill terrain (3.0 vs. 2.6 m, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the % of peak heart rate was significantly higher in HIT than LIT (90 vs. 78, 85 vs. 67, and 88 vs. 66%, respectively, in the uphill, flat and downhill terrain, all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Here, we present a new integrative framework for future investigations of performance, technical and physical demands in XC sit-skiing. In this case study, the Baumgart et al. Framework for Investigating Para XC Sit-Skiing increase in speed from LIT to HIT was due to increases in cycle rate in all terrains, while cycle length was less affected. Although the absolute power output was slightly higher in the uphill compared to the flat section both for HIT and LIT, the athlete worked closer to his maximum power output in the flat section.

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Effects of different increments in workload and duration on peak physiological responses during seated upper-body poling

et al. 2019

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Purpose: To compare the effects of test protocols with different increments in workload and duration on peak oxygen uptake (V ̇O2peak), and related physiological parameters during seated upper-body poling (UBP). Methods:Thirteen upper-body trained, male individuals completed four UBP test protocols with increments in workload until volitional exhaustion in a counterbalanced order: 20W increase/every 30s, 20W/60s, 10W/30s and 10W/60s. Cardio-respiratory parameters and power output were measured throughout the duration of each test. Peak blood lactate concentration (bLapeak) was measured after each test. Results: The mixed model analysis revealed no overall effect of test protocol on V ̇O2peak , peak minute ventilation (VEpeak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), bLapeak, (all p ≥0.350), whereas an overall effect of test protocol was found on peak power output (POpeak), (p=0.0001), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (p=0.024) and test duration (p<0.001). There was no difference in POpeak between the 20W/60s (175±25W) and 10W/30s test (169±27W; p=0.092), whereas POpeak was lower in the 10W/60s test (152±21W) and higher in the 20W/30s test (189±30W) compared to the other tests, (all p=0.001). In addition, RER was 9.9% higher in the 20W/30s-compared to the 10W/60s test protocol, (p=0.003). Conclusions: The UBP test protocols with different increments in workload and duration did not influence V ̇O2peak and can therefore be used interchangeably when V ̇O2peak is the primary outcome. However, POpeak and RER depend upon the test protocol applied and the UBP test protocols can therefore not be used interchangeably when the latter are primary outcome parameters. Keywords; upper-body exercise, exercise test protocol, aerobic capacity Abbreviations ACEarm-crank ergometry bLapeakpeak blood lactate HRpeakpeak heart rate POpeakpeak power output RERrespiratory exchange ratio RPEratings of perceived exertion UBP-upper-body poling V ̇CO2carbon dioxide production VEminute ventilation V ̇O2peakpeak oxygen uptake Wwatt Compliance with ethical standardsAll procedures in the present study are in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki declaration. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Comparison of peak oxygen uptake and exercise efficiency between upper-body poling and arm crank ergometry in trained paraplegic and able-bodied participants

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison of Peak Oxygen Uptake Between Upper-Body Exercise Modes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Comparison of Peak Oxygen Uptake Between Upper-Body Exercise Modes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Development of a Framework for the Investigation of Speed, Power, and Kinematic Patterns in Para Cross-Country Sit-Skiing: A Case Study of an LW12 Athlete

Effects of different increments in workload and duration on peak physiological responses during seated upper-body poling

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