Comparison of palatal volume and surface changes between bone-borne and tooth-tissue-borne maxillary expansion on cone beam computed tomography digital cast models

Abstract

Objectives To compare the changes of palatal volume and area in patients treated with tooth-tissue-borne palatal expanders (conventional Haas) and miniscrew-supported palatal expanders (modified Haas). Materials and Methods The sample included casts of 22 patients treated as part of a clinical study at the Department of Orthodontics, Al-Azhar University, to correct their crossbite malocclusion. Patients were divided equally into two groups upon arrival. The first group, with a mean age of 12 years and 6 months, received the miniscrew-supported palatal expander. The second group, with a mean age of 12 years and 2 months, received the Haas design-palatal expansion appliance. Pre- and post-expansion dental casts were cone beam computed tomography scanned and the slices were constructed into 3D volumes. Fully automated superimposition was done for pre- and post-expansion 3D models. Palatal volume and area were determined, and all measurements were carried out blindly. Paired t-test was used to assess the mean differences within each group and Welch's t-test was applied to assess the mean changes between the two groups. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for the normality of the data. Results There were no statistical differences in volume changes either within each group or between the groups. Although area changes were statistically significant within each group, the difference between the groups was not significant. Conclusions Changes that result from the use of either method to expand the upper arch occur primarily in the shape of the palate, but not in its size.