Comparison of over-ground and treadmill perturbations for simulation of real-world slips and trips: A systematic review

Siragy, Tarique; Russo, Yuri; Young, William R.; Lamb, Sallie

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.12.015

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For example, it has been noted that reduced lower limb strength is associated with fall risk [26]. Lastly, this research was conducted while walking on a treadmill, reducing the generalizability to overground walking [27]. Future research could include all factors (physiological, neural, mechanical) as covariates or independent factors to determine specific contributions to the end kinematic result.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion of Stumble Correction Evoked with Superficial Peroneal Nerve Stimulation in Older Adults during Walking

Brodie,

Klimstra,

Commandeur

et al. 2024

JFMK

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In healthy young adults, electrical stimulation of the superficial peroneal cutaneous nerve (SPn) innervating the dorsum of the foot has been shown to elicit functionally relevant reflexes during walking that are similar to those evoked by mechanical perturbation to the dorsum of the foot during walking and are referred to as stumble corrective (obstacle avoidance) responses. Though age-related differences in reflexes induced by mechanical perturbation have been studied, toe clearance has not been measured. Further, age-related differences in reflexes evoked by electrical stimulation of SPn have yet to be determined. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize age-related differences between healthy young adults and older adults with no history of falls in stumble correction responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the SPn at the ankle during walking. Toe clearance relative to the walking surface along with joint displacement and angular velocity at the ankle and knee and EMG of the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and vastus lateralis were measured. The combined background and reflex toe clearance was reduced in the older adults compared with the young in mid-early swing (p = 0.011). These age-related differences likely increase fall risk in the older adult cohort. Further, age-related changes were seen in joint kinematics and EMG in older adults compared with the young such as decreased amplitude of the plantarflexion reflex in early swing in older adults (p < 0.05). These altered reflexes reflect the degradation of the stumble corrective response in older adults.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion of Stumble Correction Evoked with Superficial Peroneal Nerve Stimulation in Older Adults during Walking

Brodie,

Klimstra,

Commandeur

et al. 2024

JFMK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This relationship is particularly visible in the area of [7-35.4]% of the gait cycle (Figure 6E). Significant changes also occur in the hip joint % and in the ankle joint [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]%, and [43][44][45][46][47][48]% in areas before the disturbance. The perturbation in the PS phase significantly affected all extreme kinematic values, except for the hip extension angle.…”

Section: Perturbations In the Pre-swing Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semaan, et al [16] demonstrated that treadmill gait is a reliable approximation of overground walking. Notwithstanding the divergence between treadmill gait perturbations and those observed in the ground gait condition [17], Rieger, et al [18] demonstrated encouraging outcomes regarding motor skills transfer from an artificial context to real life. Furthermore, treadmills offer the advantage of high repeatability in perturbations and walking conditions [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Induced Acceleration Perturbations in Selected Phases of the Gait Cycle on Kinematic and Kinetic Parameters

Ciunelis,

Borkowski,

Błażkiewicz

2024

Applied Sciences

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Background: The prevalence of falls among the older population underscores the imperative of comprehending human adaptations to gait perturbations. Dual-belt treadmills offer a controlled setting for such investigations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the acceleration of one belt of the treadmill during three different phases of the gait cycle on kinematic and kinetic parameters and relate these changes to unperturbed gait. Methods: Twenty-one healthy young females walked on a treadmill in a virtual environment, in which five unexpected perturbations were applied to the left belt at the Initial Contact (IC), Mid Stance (MS), and Pre-Swing (PS) phase of the gait cycle. Data from the undisturbed gait and the first disturbance of each trial were extracted for analysis. Results: All perturbations significantly affected the gait pattern, mainly by decreasing the knee extension angle. The perturbation in the IC phase had the most significant effect, resulting in a 248.48% increase in knee flexion torque. The perturbation in the MS phase mainly affected plantar flexion torque, increasing it by 118.18%, while perturbation in the PS phase primarily increased the hip extension torque by 73.02%. Conclusions: The presence of perturbations in the IC and PS phases caused the most aggressive and significant changes in gait parameters.

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“…Much of the underlying research investigating foot motion in locomotor contexts was gathered in laboratory conditions with various experimental setups using both treadmill and over-ground walking [ 8 ]. While important in understanding the neuromechanical control of foot motion while walking, these conditions don’t capture the dynamic and variable environments we normally navigate in our daily life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot orientation and trajectory variability in locomotion: Effects of real-world terrain

Gibson,

Douglas,

Jeffries

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Capturing human locomotion in nearly any environment or context is becoming increasingly feasible with wearable sensors, giving access to commonly encountered walking conditions. While important in expanding our understanding of locomotor biomechanics, these more variable environments present challenges to identify changes in data due to person-level factors among the varying environment-level factors. Our study examined foot-specific biomechanics while walking on terrain commonly encountered with the goal of understanding the extent to which these variables change due to terrain. We recruited healthy adults to walk at self-selected speeds on stairs, flat ground, and both shallow and steep sloped terrain. A pair of inertial measurement units were embedded in both shoes to capture foot biomechanics while walking. Foot orientation was calculated using a strapdown procedure and foot trajectory was determined by double integrating the linear acceleration. Stance time, swing time, cadence, sagittal and frontal orientations, stride length and width were extracted as discrete variables. These data were compared within-participant and across terrain conditions. The physical constraints of the stairs resulted in shorter stride lengths, less time spent in swing, toe-first foot contact, and higher variability during stair ascent specifically (p<0.05). Stride lengths increased when ascending compared to descending slopes, and the sagittal foot angle at initial contact was greatest in the steep slope descent condition (p<0.05). No differences were found between conditions for horizontal foot angle in midstance (p≥0.067). Our results show that walking on slopes creates differential changes in foot biomechanics depending on whether one is descending or ascending, and stairs require different biomechanics and gait timing than slopes or flat ground. This may be an important factor to consider when making comparisons of real-world walking bouts, as greater proportions of one terrain feature in a data set could create bias in the outcomes. Classifying terrain in unsupervised walking datasets would be helpful to avoid comparing metrics from different walking terrain scenarios.

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Comparison of over-ground and treadmill perturbations for simulation of real-world slips and trips: A systematic review

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

Erosion of Stumble Correction Evoked with Superficial Peroneal Nerve Stimulation in Older Adults during Walking

Erosion of Stumble Correction Evoked with Superficial Peroneal Nerve Stimulation in Older Adults during Walking

The Impact of Induced Acceleration Perturbations in Selected Phases of the Gait Cycle on Kinematic and Kinetic Parameters

Foot orientation and trajectory variability in locomotion: Effects of real-world terrain

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