Comparison of Osteogenic Ability of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Periosteum, and Adipose Tissue

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in many types of tissue and are able to differentiate into various functional cells including osteoblasts. Recently, adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AMSCs) have been shown to differentiate into many lineages, and they are considered a source for tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to compare the osteogenic differentiation capability of MSCs from bone marrow (BMSCs), MSCs from periosteum (PMSCs), and AMSCs using in vitro culture and in vivo implantation experiments. We harvested these MSCs from 7-week-old rats. The cells were seeded and cultured for 7 days in primary culture to assay a colony-forming unit. The frequency of the unit was the smallest in the BMSCs (P < 0.001). After primary culture, subculture was performed under osteogenic differentiation conditions for 1 and 2 weeks to detect mineralization as well as the bone-specific proteins of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin as osteogenic markers. BMSCs and PMSCs showed distinct osteogenic differentiation capability in comparison with other MSCs (P < 0.001). For the in vivo assay, composites of these cells and hydroxyapatite ceramics were subcutaneously implanted into syngeneic rats and harvested after 6 weeks. Micro-computed tomographic (CT) and histological analyses demonstrated that new bone formation was detected in the composites using BMSCs and PMSCs, although it was hard to detect in other composites. The CT analyses also demonstrated that the bone volume of BMSC composites was more than that of AMSC composites (P < 0.001). These results indicate that BMSCs and PMSCs could be ideal candidates for utilization in practical bone tissue regeneration.

Repair of critical-size defects with autogenous periosteum-derived cells combined with bovine anorganic apatite/collagen: an experimental study in rat calvaria

“…In a previous study, PDC-COl showed hundred times more bone in central area of rat calvaria critical-size defects (rcCsD) in comparison with the control group (5). PDC-hA implanted in subcutaneous tissue induced heterotopic ossification (4).…”

“…Periosteum-derived cells (PDC) have osteogenic potential (2)(3)(4)(5). They are an alternative cell source in comparison with bone marrow in the tissue engineering field since they require less invasive and safer techniques by collagen (COl), biocompatible (6), biodegradable and allow adhesion, growing and cellular differentiation (7).…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration

“…As one example, in rats, A-MSCs have a significantly lower ALP activity per DNA than BM-MSCs and P-MSCs, and osteocalcin levels follow the same trend. 16 When A-MSCs were implanted in muscle, ectopic bone formed at the site, but it was less than that formed with BM-MSCs or P-MSCs. This group concluded that A-MSCs show low endogenous osteoblast differentiation in vivo, but instead recruit other cells that increased bone formation.…”

CORR Insights®: Do Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Influence Microscopic Residual or Metastatic Osteosarcoma in a Murine Model?

“…Other questions remain including whether the origin of the MSCs may modify the osteosarcoma cells behavior and change outcome. Bone-marrow-derived MSCs are widely used in bone regeneration approaches, and several authors postulate that periosteum may contain MSC populations more suitable for bone tissue engineering purposes [1,8,12,13].…”