Comparison of Optical Self-Phase Locked Loop Techniques for Frequency Stabilization of Oscillators

Zhang, Li; Poddar, Ajay K.; Rohde, Ulrich L.; Daryoush, A.S.

doi:10.1109/jphot.2014.2360294

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…By feeding back to a modulator in the OEO, using L mix (f) as an error signal, phase noise of the OEO is reduced. Note that although phase noise reduction of an OEO by locking to a conventional PFD based on delayed self-homodyne interferometer has been demonstrated 28 , our novel PFD based on TWDI has two significant advantages. One is higher sensitivity because of sensitivity magnification with a factor of (2N) 2 , enabled by the use of the EO comb.…”

Section: Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

Kuse¹,

Fermann²

2018

Sci Rep

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Low phase noise frequency synthesizers are of paramount interest in many areas of micro-mm wave technology, encompassing for example advanced wireless communication, radar, radio-astronomy, and precision instrumentation. Although this broad research field is not bereft of methods for the generation of either low phase noise micro- or mm waves, no universal system applicable to low phase noise generation for micro and mm waves has yet been demonstrated. Here we propose a new photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer which is compatible with such an objective. The photonic frequency discriminator can be a reference both for micro and mm waves to lower their phase noise. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate a low phase noise tunable OEO (6–18 GHz) and locking of a heterodyne beat between two cw lasers (10–400 GHz) with low relative phase noise. The required components for the photonic frequency discriminator are off-the-shelf and can be readily assembled. We believe this new type of photonic frequency discriminator will enable a new generation of universal precision tunable sources for the X, K, V, W and mm-bands and beyond.

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Section: Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

Kuse¹,

Fermann²

2018

Sci Rep

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“…In the proposed structure, the microwave signal generated from the beat note of a dual frequency laser (DFL) was sent into a delay line frequency discriminator (DLFD) whose output is used to stabilize the laser frequency for generating a more stable beat note. The authors have also demonstrated that SPLL technique can also be applied to OEOs and electrical VCOs to provide significant phase noise reduction [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase noise reduction in RF oscillators utilizing self-injection locked and phase locked loop

Zhang

Poddar

Rohde

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE 15th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems

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Self-injection locked and phase locked loop (SILPLL) using long optical delay has been proposed for phase noise reduction in microwave oscillators. Experiments for both single loop and dual loop SILPLL are performed to demonstrate the phase noise reduction in an electrical VCO. Dual loop configuration provided a phase noise reduction of 71 dB at 300 Hz offset while achieving a lower spurious signal level as opposed to single loop configuration.Index Termsforced oscillation, self-injection locked and phase locked loop, phase noise, VCO, fiber optic link,

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“…The classic OEO performance is primarily limited based on the close loop behavior [4] , and its frequency tuning is quite limited because of the fixed passband characteristic of a metallic cavity filter. Moreover, the presence of multimode oscillations is to be minimized using optical transversal concepts by rejecting the side-mode [5] . In order to achieve the fast broadband tuning required in frequency synthesizers, an electronically tuned yttrium iron garnet (YIG) [6] filter will be introduced in this Letter to replace the role of the mechanically tuned high Q metallic filter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beside the tuning aspect of the OEO, forced oscillation techniques self-injection locking (SIL) [4] , self-phase locking loop (SPLL) [5] , and their combination self-injection locking phase locking loop (SILPLL) [8] are also applied to provide the reduction of the oscillator phase noise both close-in and far-away from the carrier frequency. The block diagram components that are shown outside of the dotted square in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). A double balanced mixer is integrated on the same board with a low pass filter amplifier [LPFA, realized using operational amplifier (Op-Amp) circuits] to work as a phase detector and the low pass portion of the phase lock loop (PLL) [5] . The phase error of the OEO main loop is compared with the dual delay lines of the PLL, and the phase error signal is fed back as a low frequency phase control through the direct current (DC) bias port of the MZM using a bias-T circuit.…”

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Frequency synthesis of forced opto-electronic oscillators at the X-band

et al. 2017

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Ultra-low phase noise performance is required for frequency agile local oscillators, which are the core for high resolution imagers, spectrum analyzers, and high speed data communications. A forced opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) benefits from frequency stabilization techniques for realizing a clean and low phase noise source at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. Forced oscillation techniques of self-injection locking and self-phase lock loop are combined to provide an ultra-low oscillator phase noise both close-in and far-away from the carrier frequency, while a tunable yttrium iron garnet microwave filter combined with a wavelength tuned transversal filter are employed to implement both coarse and fine frequency tuning for a tunable X-band OEO. A phase noise of −137 dBc∕Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz is achieved covering the frequencies of 9 to 11 GHz with a fine frequency tuning resolution of 44 Hz/pm and coarse tuning of 25 MHz/mA. Moreover, the long term stability of the output signal is tested, and a maximum frequency drift of 2 kHz is measured within 60 min for the X-band synthesizer.OCIS Microwave and millimeter wave local oscillators with a low close-in to carrier phase noise are required for high angular resolution phase shift keyed modulation/demodulation at a high speed data transmission and high temporal accuracy radar imagers [1] . Opto-electronic oscillators (OEOs) are used as promising way for creating a high frequency radio frequency (RF) signal with a great spectral purity to meet many modern applications. The set-up of a classic OEO [2] at the X-band is described in Fig. 1 within the dotted region, where to achieve the highest spectral purity, a very low noise long fiber delay length is required along with a narrow passband microwave filter. The low relative intensity noise (RIN) fiber laser (Optilab TWL-C-HP-M) along with a high power handling photodetector (Discovery Semiconductors-DSC50S) could provide a low noise figure fiber optic delay line. Moreover, a dual drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) is used to reduce the noise figure of an optical link [3] . The long length of the delay line improves the close-in to carrier phase noise at a square of the delay line length, but unfortunately it satisfies many other oscillation modes within the passband of a narrowband electrical filter. A high quality (Q) factor mechanically tuned metallic cavity filter is employed for the generation of X-band oscillation signals over 8-12 GHz. The classic OEO performance is primarily limited based on the close loop behavior [4] , and its frequency tuning is quite limited because of the fixed passband characteristic of a metallic cavity filter. Moreover, the presence of multimode oscillations is to be minimized using optical transversal concepts by rejecting the side-mode [5] . In order to achieve the fast broadband tuning required in frequency synthesizers, an electronically tuned yttrium iron garnet (YIG) [6] filter will be introduced in this Letter to replace the role of the mechanically tune...

show abstract

Comparison of Optical Self-Phase Locked Loop Techniques for Frequency Stabilization of Oscillators

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

A photonic frequency discriminator based on a two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low phase noise tunable micro/mm wave synthesis

Phase noise reduction in RF oscillators utilizing self-injection locked and phase locked loop

Frequency synthesis of forced opto-electronic oscillators at the X-band

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