Comparison of Optic Disc Topography in the Cases With Graves Disease and Healthy Controls

Şen, Emine; Berker, Dilek; Elgin, Ufuk; Tütüncü, Yasemin; Öztürk, Faruk; Güler, Serdar

doi:10.1097/ijg.0b013e31822e8c4f

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In other studies, the P-RNFL thickness was reported to be significantly thinner in TAO patients [10,11,13], which is consistent with the macular NFL thinning in our study. However, Meirovitch et al [12] found that the P-RNFL thickness did not decrease, but rather became thicker compared with normal eyes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We found that the inner intra-retinal layers around the macula, including the NFL, GCL + IPL, as well as the GCC, were significantly decreased in the TAO patients, with or without DON. Sen et al [11] and Blum Meirovitch et al [12] reported that the total macular thickness was significantly thinner in TAO patients, and they speculated that this might be caused by thinning of the GCC. In our study, we used a high resolution spectral domain OCT instrument that readily imaged the eight intra-retinal layers from the NFL to the retinal pigment epithelium [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main pathogenic mechanisms of DON have been attributed to mechanical compression of the optic nerve and retinal tissue themselves [6] or abnormal blood supply [7] due to an increase in the volume of orbital contents [8], as well as the secondary elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) [9,10]. With the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), thickness changes of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (P-RNFL) [11,12] and retina around the macula [12,13] were found in TAO patients and were correlated with the visual dysfunction in DON. Previous articles also reported retinal arterial stenosis, venous stasis, and increased resistance indexes in branches of central retinal artery, indicating the presence of hypoxia and ischemia in TAO patients [7,12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced macular inner retinal thickness and microvascular density in the early stage of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

et al. 2020

Eye and Vis

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Background: The goal was to investigate changes of the inner intra-retinal layer thicknesses and retinal capillary density (RCD) around the macula in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients with or without dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). Methods: Forty-four TAO patients including 23 non-DON and 21 DON patients, and 38 healthy participants were enrolled. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography equipped with Angiovue was used to obtain threedimensional retinal thickness maps and microvascular images of the superficial and deep retinal capillary layers (SRCL and DRCL, respectively) around the macula. Quantitative analyses were performed using a custom automated algorithm. Results: The thicknesses of the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) as well as the RCDs in the SRCL and DRCL in both TAO groups were significantly decreased compared to the controls. In addition, the RCDs in DRCL of the DON group were further decreased compared to the non-DON group. GCC thickness in both TAO groups was positively correlated with the RCDs of the SRCL in the total annular zone and in the temporal, inferior, and nasal sectors. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the GCC thickness combined with the RCD were generally larger than those of each single indicator. Conclusions: Thinned inner intra-retinal layers and decreased RCDs in the TAO patients without DON revealed that morphological changes might precede visual dysfunction. The composite index of the retinal structure and the microvascular density might be valuable in the diagnosing, monitoring, and intervention for early DON.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced macular inner retinal thickness and microvascular density in the early stage of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

et al. 2020

Eye and Vis

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“…Research has also shown that 76% of GO patients with exophthalmos display abnormal intraocular pressure, and a total of 24% of 500 TAO patients were found to have high intraocular pressure, ranging from 22 to 30 mmHg [ 20 ]. Sen et al [ 21 ] compared the intraocular pressure of GO patients and healthy people and found that, although both intraocular pressure values were in the normal range, the TAO patients had a significantly higher value than the healthy patients. These studies suggest that an elevated intraocular pressure can also be a sign of TAO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Thyroid Function Fluctuated Animal Model for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Wang

Ding

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe establishment of a suitable and stable animal model is critical for research on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In clinical practice, we found that patients treated with I-131 often exhibit TAO; therefore, we aimed to establish a novel thyroid function fluctuated animal model of TAO by simulating the clinical treatment process.MethodsWe treated SD rats with I-131 to damage the thyroid and then used sodium levothyroxine (L-T4) to supplement the thyroid hormone (TH) levels every seven days, leading to a fluctuating level of thyroid hormones that simulated the status of clinical TAO patients. Rats administered normal saline were considered as a control. The weight, intraocular pressure, and serum T3, T4, TSH and TRAb levels of the rats were measured, and the pathological changes were analyzed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsThe experimental rats (TAO group) exhibited significantly reduced weight and elevated intraocular pressure compared with the control rats. Meanwhile, the serum levels of T3 and T4 were up-regulated in the TAO group, but the TSH level decreased during the 10-week study. Moreover, increased numbers of blood vessels and inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed in the orbital tissues of the TAO rats, while no abnormal changes occurred in the control rats. The orbital myofibrils in the TAO rats appeared fractured and dissolved, with twisted structures. Mitochondrial swelling and vacuoles within the endoplasmic reticulum, swelling nerve fibers, shedding nerve myelin, and macrophages were found in the TAO group.ConclusionRats treated with I-131 and sodium levothyroxine exhibited characteristics similar to those of TAO patients in the clinic, providing an effective and simple method for the establishment of a stable animal model for research on the pathogenesis and treatment of TAO.

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“…Previously, only three studies studied retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc morphology, measured by OCT in TAO patients. (7)(8)(9) In the patients with TAO the thicknesses of macula and inferior RNFL were thinner when compared with healthy controls. (10) Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is the commonest reason of visual loss in thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Correlation of the Electrophysiological and Optical Coherence Tomography Changes in patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

El-Shazly¹,

Ma²,

Taf³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose: to study the structural and functional changes of the optic nerve & macula in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients. Methods: Cross-sectional clinical study including 40 cases with TAO and 40 age and sex-matched healthy participants as a control. Complete ophthalmological assessment, evaluation of the proptosis, spectral domain OCT, and electrophysiological investigations (pattern electroretinogram [PERG], multifocal ERG (mfERG) & visual evoked potentials (PVEP) were performed to all participants. Results: Retinal nerve fibre (RNFL), central foveal (CFT) thickness and mean inner macular ring thickness are thinner in cases with proptosis. MfERG showed lower Retinal Response Density1 (RRD1), Ring 1 P1 amplitude and lower five-rings N1 amplitude. Central foveal thickness showed significant positive correlation with VA, BCVA, P50 amplitude and R1 N1 amplitude (r = 0.64, 0.65, 0.40 and 0.51 with p < 0 .001, < 0 .001, < 0 .001 and < 0 .001 respectively), and negative correlation with duration of the disease, degree of proptosis, clinical activity score and R1 N1 latency (r = -0.59, -0.78, -0.41 & -0.90 with p <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 & <0.001 respectively). RNFL thickness showed negative correlation with duration of the disease, degree of proptosis and clinical activity score (-0.77, -0.71 & -0.85 with p < 0 .001, < 0 .001 & < 0 .001 respectively). Multiple regression analyses showed that the degree of proptosis and P50 amplitude were the most important determinants for CFT (p = 0.03 & 0.02); whereas the duration of the disease, and activity score were the most important determinants for average RNFL thickness (p =‎ 0.004, and < 0.001‎ respectively). Conclusion: In the absence of fundus changes, macular thinning together with functional changes detected by PERG and mfERG could be used as good predictors of subclinical retinopathy in the cases of TAO.

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Comparison of Optic Disc Topography in the Cases With Graves Disease and Healthy Controls

Abstract: This result suggests that patients with GD may have thinner RNFL than healthy controls.

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Reduced macular inner retinal thickness and microvascular density in the early stage of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

Reduced macular inner retinal thickness and microvascular density in the early stage of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy

Development of a Novel Thyroid Function Fluctuated Animal Model for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Correlation of the Electrophysiological and Optical Coherence Tomography Changes in patients with Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

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