Comparison of olive leaf, olive oil, palm oil, and omega-3 oil in acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in rats

Abstract

BackgroundHypotension, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are all observed in experimental models of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Brazilian olive leaf (Ex), Brazilian olive oil (Olv), Ex + Olv (ExOlv), and palm oil (Pal) in comparison to the effects of omega-3 fish oil (Omg) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.MaterialsWistar rats were divided into seven groups (seven per group), which were either untreated (control) or treated with LPS, LPS + Ex, LPS + ExOlv, LPS + Olv, LPS + Omg, or LPS + Pal.ResultsLower values of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were observed in the LPS-treated group, and these values were not affected by Ex, Olv, ExOlv, Pal, or Omg treatment. Mortality rates were significantly lower in rats exposed to LPS when they were also treated with Ex, ExOlv, Olv, Pal, or Omg. These treatments also decreased oxidative stress and inflammation (Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta) and increased interleukin-10 levels and cell proliferation, which were associated with decreased apoptosis in kidney tissue.ConclusionEx and Pal treatments were beneficial in septic rats, since they increased survival rate and did not aggravate inflammation. However, the most effective treatments for septic rats were Olv in comparison to Omg. These natural food substances could enable the development of effective therapeutic interventions to sepsis.

Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation to Old Wistar Rats Attenuates Aging-Induced Sarcopenia and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle

“…In this paper, we report for the first time the beneficial effects of an olive leaf extract rich in flavonoids and secoiridoids, administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for three weeks, on sarcopenia and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of aged rats. This dose is considerably lower than the one used by other authors in an experimental model of aging in rats (100 mg/kg vs 500 and 1000 mg/kg) [ 41 ] and was selected based on its positive effects for the alleviation of several inflammatory conditions in rodents such as sepsis [ 42 ], arthritis [ 43 ] or gastritis [ 44 ]. In addition, the same dose of OLE is reported to reduce the LDL/HDL ratio [ 45 ] and exert protective effects in experimental models of cerebral ischemia [ 45 , 46 ], as well as to prevent type-2 diabetes in rats by decreasing the total antioxidant capacity in the plasma and the expression superoxide dismutase in the liver [ 47 ].…”

A Nutraceutical Product Based on a Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils and Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiovascular and Muscle Alterations in Rats

“…Polyunsaturated Omega 3 fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) are essential fatty acids with anti-inflammatory effects that are reported to improve cellular immune function in patients with sepsis ( 45 , 46 ) and to reduce sepsis-induced mortality ( 47 ), possibly through increased production of pro-resolvin molecules like maresins, resolvins and protectins ( 48 , 49 ). A recent study has reported that, in addition to ω3-PUFAs, olive tree derived products such as extra virgin olive oil and olive leaf extracts are also beneficial to prevent sepsis-induced inflammation and to increase the survival rate ( 50 ). Although there is some evidence about the therapeutic effect of these products, very little is known about their possible preventive effects reducing severe condition in septic patients.…”