Comparison of oil shales and kerogen concentrates by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance

Maciel, Gary E.; Dennis, L.W.

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(81)90015-2

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This introduction may be attributed to oxidation aliphatic carbons by HNO 3 as reported in the literature 20 and is supported by the increased sample mass after the HNO 3 treatment. Except for this change, the effect of acid treatment on the main structure of organic matter may be insignificant, which agrees with the observation of Maciel et al 21 Table 3 shows the ultimate analysis results of YLOS-R and YLOS-CNF samples. In comparison to YLOS-R, YLOS-CNF shows similar H, N, and S contents, higher C content, and lower O content, which seems to suggest alteration of the organic matter by the acid treatments and is somewhat different from the 13 C NMR result.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelssupporting

confidence: 90%

Organic Matter in Yilan Oil Shale: Characterization and Pyrolysis with or without Inorganic Minerals

et al. 2017

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To better understand the effect of inherent minerals in oil shale on the pyrolysis behavior of organic matter, Chinese Yilan oil shale is used as the raw material and its minerals are removed sequentially by stepwise acid treatment. The resulting samples are subjected to pyrolysis experiment on a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer (TG− MS), and the effect of acid treatments on the organic matter structure is investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It is found that the acid treatments have little effect on the structure of organic matter, except oxidation of a tiny amount of aliphatic carbons to carboxyl by HNO 3 . Inherent calcite, iron oxide, and pyrite in the minerals, with contents of about 0.64, 2.63, and 0.60 wt %, respectively, have obvious catalytic effects on the decomposition of the organic matter. Acid treatment by HF + HCl increases the mass loss of organic matter during pyrolysis but decreases the formation of C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 , C 6 H 6 , C 7 H 8 , and C 6 H 6 O. Quartz and kaolinite removed by HF + HCl treatment were reported to have little effect on the pyrolysis process; therefore, inherent montmorillonite may promote the reaction of organic volatiles to form coke and gas.

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Section: Energy and Fuelssupporting

confidence: 90%

Organic Matter in Yilan Oil Shale: Characterization and Pyrolysis with or without Inorganic Minerals

et al. 2017

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“…) and oil shales (Miknis et al. , ; Maciel and Dennis ) but also extraterrestrial samples, like meteorites (Cronin et al. ; Gardinier et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, 13 C NMR differentiates the 13 C nuclei based on their chemical environments, giving an indication of the overall carbon composition. Solid-state 13 C NMR has been applied to numerous types of natural IOM such as coals (Yoshida et al 2002;Erdenetsogt et al 2010) and oil shales (Miknis et al 1979(Miknis et al , 1982Maciel and Dennis 1981) but also extraterrestrial samples, like meteorites (Cronin et al 1987;Gardinier et al 2000;Cody and Alexander 2005) or tholins . It involves the so-called 1 H-13 C cross-polarization (CP) sequence for sensitivity enhancement and magic angle spinning (MAS) to reduce peak broadening.…”

Section: Nmr Analysis Of the Iommentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an experimental synthesis of the chondritic insoluble organic matter

Biron

Derenne

Robert

et al. 2015

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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International audienceBased on the statistical model proposed for the molecular structure of the insoluble organic matter (IOM) isolated from the Murchison meteorite, it was recently proposed that, in the solar T-Tauri disk regions where (photo)dissociation of gaseous molecules takes place, aromatics result from the cyclization/aromatization of short aliphatics. This hypothesis is tested in this study, with n-alkanes being submitted to high-frequency discharge at low pressure. The contamination issue was eliminated using deuterated precursor. IOM was formed and studied using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, RuO4 oxidation, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It exhibits numerous similarities at the molecular level with the hydrocarbon backbone of the natural IOM, reinforcing the idea that the initial precursors of the IOM were originally chains in the gas. Moreover, a fine comparison between the chemical structure of several meteorite IOM suggests either that (i) the meteorite IOMs share a common precursor standing for the synthetic IOM or that (ii) the slight differences between the meteorite IOMs reflect differences in their environment at the time of their formation i.e., related to plasma temperature that, in turn, dictates the dissociation–recombination rates of organic fragments

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“…Kerogen's insolubility is partly an asset making kerogen an immobile in-situ recorder of thermal maturity (Lis, 2005). Many techniques have been applied to provide qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation on kerogen's chemical structure, such as vitrinite reflectance, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Maciel and Dennis, 1982;Suggate and Dickinson, 2004) and combinations of flash pyrolysis with gas chromatography (Stankiewicz et al, 1994a;Stankiewicz et al, 1996a;Stankiewicz et al, 1996b). Vitrinite reflectance measurement requires considerable time and expertiese; moreover, it cannot be applied to marine shales and pre-Silurian shales, which lack plant material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Kerogen Maturity using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Dang

Sondergeld

2015

Day 2 Tue, September 29, 2015

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Maturity of kerogen in shale governs the productivity of a shale formation. Produced fluids are strongly dependent upon organic type (governed by depositional fossils and environment) and thermal history. Different maturity measurement methods (vitrinite reflectance, Rock Evaluation, biomarkers) have been studied, but failed to precisely determine maturity levacross all levels of maturity. Vitrinite reflectance (%R o ) measurement cannot be applied for marine shales and pre-Silurian shales, which do not include plant materials. T max (main maturity indicator from Rock Evaluation pyrolysis) measurement is questionable for mature and post-mature samples. Most of biomarkers become useless when maturity level reaches condensate window. In this study, we introduce using Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric (TGA) for both qualitative and quantitative assessment on organic maturity in shale. Separation of organic matter or identification macerals is not required by either technique; they are quick and objective tests providing two IR-based maturity indices. The first index, CH 2 /CH 3 , (from FTIR alone) shows good sensitivity up to the end of the condensate window. CH 2 /CH 3 index decreases with more mature samples. The following CH 2 /CH 3 values are used to define the immature (Ͼ1.63 Ϯ 0.22), oil window (1.63 Ϯ 0.22 to 1.3 Ϯ 0.25), wet gas window (1.3 Ϯ 0.25 to 1.13Ϯ0.05), and dry gas window (Ͻ1.13Ϯ 0.05). Whereas, the second index, T methane , (from TGA and FTIR) can help to extend the maturity scale beyond the condensate window; this overcomes the main limitations of Rock Evaluation and biomarker analyses. The index increases with maturity. The result shows T methane yields a good correlation with vitrinite reflectance, T methane ϭ 83.6%Ro ϩ 497.5 (R 2 ϭ 0.89.)

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Comparison of oil shales and kerogen concentrates by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Organic Matter in Yilan Oil Shale: Characterization and Pyrolysis with or without Inorganic Minerals

Organic Matter in Yilan Oil Shale: Characterization and Pyrolysis with or without Inorganic Minerals

Toward an experimental synthesis of the chondritic insoluble organic matter

Study of Kerogen Maturity using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

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