Comparison of Offenders With Mental Illness Only and Offenders With Dual Diagnoses

Hartwell, Stephanie W.

doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.2.145

Cited by 133 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One of the findings of the study was that the demographic and clinical data of approximately 60% of the cohort was consistent with the profile of what was to become the inclusion criteria in this current study (Denton et al, 2009). This finding was also largely consistent with several studies examining the population of people with a mental illness leaving prison in the United States (Hartwell, 1999(Hartwell, , 2003(Hartwell, , 2004a(Hartwell, , 2004b(Hartwell, , 2010Hartwell, Fisher, & Davis, 2009). …”

Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is estimated that approximately one third of people with severe mental illness in the community have a co-occurring substance use disorder, and this has been found to rise to between 60% (Fowler, Carr, Carter, & Lewin, 1998) and 70% of offenders with severe mental illness (Hartwell, 2004a;Lurigio et al, 2003;Swartz & Lurigio, 2007). There is a particularly well-established link between illicit drug use and crime (Grann, Danesh, & Fazel, 2008;Johns, 1998;Sinha & Easton, 1999).…”

Section: Criminal Justice Involvement Of People With Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These have overlapped and influenced each other and continue to develop. First, the focus in the literature was on trying to understand the overrepresentation of mental illness in the prisoner and released prisoner populations and on quantifying their outcomes as they returned to the community Feder, 1991;Hartwell, 1999Hartwell, , 2003Hartwell, , 2004aPetersilia, 2000;Steadman et al, 2009;Teplin, 1990Teplin, , 1994. Poor outcomes postrelease for people with a mental illness have been reported since the 1990s when Feder (1991) reported that half of his cohort were hospitalised and two thirds arrested within 18 months of release.…”

Section: Understanding the Transition Experience Of People With Severmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Brinkley-Rubinstein (2013), stigma refers to "unfavourable approaches, views, and at the macro level policies that are directed towards people who belong to a shunned or socially marginalised group" (p. 9). People who have been in prison can be stigmatised, marginalised and excluded (Hartwell, 2004a(Hartwell, , 2004b, particularly from housing and employment. Stigma can also weaken social ties and social support, according to Petersilia (2008).…”

Section: Social/cultural Risk Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior research has established the multiple challenges facing prisoners with severe mental illness during prison-to-community transition, such as poor housing, unemployment, social exclusion, barriers to adequate mental healthcare, and multiple short-term incarceration (Baillargeon et al, 2009;Baillargeon et al, 2010;Hartwell, 2004aHartwell, , 2010Kinner, 2006;Weisman, Lamberti, & Price, 2004). There have been few attempts previously to gain an in-depth understanding of the complexity of the prison-to-community experience of this population, particularly in understanding how individuals perceive the influence of systems and structures on their experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hoping Against Hope: The Prison-to-Community Transition Experience of Men With Co-Occurring Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder

Denton¹

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This thesis explores the prison-to-community transition experience after short-term incarceration, from the perspective of men with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorder in Queensland, Australia. A specific focus was to examine the impact of systems and structures on the individual experience of transition. Prior research has established that people with co-occurring mental illness and substance use are overrepresented in the Australian prisoner population. It is also known that transition from prison to community for the general custodial population is a time of vulnerability, with increased risk of substance use, homelessness, unemployment, reincarceration and post-release death. All of these risks are compounded for prisoners with co-occurring disorders who are also at risk of a range of poor criminal justice outcomes and losing contact with mental health services after release.Review of the literature indicates a tendency for research to focus on recidivism as an outcome and emphasise either individual risk behaviour or social and structural factors influencing prison-to-community transition. Interventions during transition for the current population have traditionally been based on the criminalisation hypothesis, with a focus on increased provision of mental health services in prison and an emphasis on continuity of care in the community. There is a growing recognition in the international literature that the issues are much broader than mental illness; however, there is a lack of clarity as to how to respond to the complex needs of this population. Research exploring the perspective of men with cooccurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder during their prison-to-community transition experience has rarely been undertaken.The conceptual framework developed for this study shifts the emphasis away from recidivism towards recovery and wellbeing through a lens of individual action, but only in the context of the potential for systems and structures to impact on the ability of individuals to exercise agency. A qualitative method was used comprising repeat in-depth interviews with 18 men: within 1 month prior to leaving prison, within 2 weeks post-release and at 3 months postrelease. Three themes characterised the transition experience of participants: "hoping against hope"; "adrift in freedom"; and "the slippery slope". Participants reported leaving the predictable and routine life in prison where they hoped for a better life after release, to an uncertain, unstable and isolated environment in the community, eventually sliding into drug use, chaos and despair. The risk environment framework (Rhodes, 2009) and structuration theory (Giddens, 1984) were employed to understand how participants were caught in a complex dynamic between their individual risk behaviour and broader structural risk iii environments. This thesis proposes that a web of interrelated factors contributed to participants in the study as "ambivalent agents" who were suspended between the two worlds of priso...

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Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Criminal Justice Involvement Of People With Mental Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding the Transition Experience Of People With Severmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social/cultural Risk Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hoping Against Hope: The Prison-to-Community Transition Experience of Men With Co-Occurring Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder

Denton¹

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“What Works” in Supervising Probationers with Mental Illness

Manchak

Loth

Skeem

2019

The Wiley International Handbook of Correctional Psychology

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One year return to custody rates among co‐disordered offenders

Messina¹,

Burdon²,

Hagopian³

et al. 2004

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The extent to which therapeutic community (TC) methods meet the treatment needs of offenders with substance abuse disorders and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in prison is largely unknown. Very little research has been conducted with this population. The purposes of this study were to generate profiles of co-disordered drug offenders entering TC treatment in prison and to assess their post-release reincarceration rates, compared with drug offenders without psychiatric disorders. Extensive intake interview data for over 8,500 men and women who received treatment in one of 16 prison-based TCs in California were analyzed to produce profiles of co-disordered participants. Intake data come from a 5 year process and outcome evaluation of the California Department of Corrections' (CDC's) treatment initiative. Post-release reincarceration rates come from the CDC's Offender Based Information System. Compared with non-psychiatric disordered drug offenders, co-disordered offenders had substantially more severe substance abuse and criminal histories, in addition to their psychiatric impairment, at treatment entry. Logistic regression results indicated that, compared with drug offenders without psychiatric illness, co-disordered offenders were significantly more likely to be reincarcerated during the first year of their parole. These results suggest that prison treatment programs may need to use more comprehensive diagnostic assessments at intake to assess the diverse mental health needs of drug offenders with co-occurring psychiatric disorders and to develop treatment approaches suitable for this population.

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Comparison of Offenders With Mental Illness Only and Offenders With Dual Diagnoses

Cited by 133 publications

References 21 publications

Hoping Against Hope: The Prison-to-Community Transition Experience of Men With Co-Occurring Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder

Hoping Against Hope: The Prison-to-Community Transition Experience of Men With Co-Occurring Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder

“What Works” in Supervising Probationers with Mental Illness

One year return to custody rates among co‐disordered offenders

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