Comparison of OCT findings of schizophrenia patients using FGA, Clozapine, and SGA other than Clozapine

Abstract

Objective: The effect of antipsychotic (AP) drugs on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in schizophrenia has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of APs (the first generation antipsychotic group [FGAG], the second generation antipsychotic group [SGAG], the clozapine group [CG]) on OCT findings in schizophrenia. Methods: The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and choroidal thickness were measured using a spectral OCT device. Results: No significant difference was found between FGAG, SGAG, CG (p > 0.05) while there was a significant difference between the control group and the patients group in terms of RNFL, GCL, and IPL (p < 0.05). A significant difference between SGAG and CG, FGAG (p < 0.05); between control group and FGAG (p < 0.05) were found in terms of choroidal thickness. Conclusion: These findings suggested the deterioration of the metabolic parameters due to the SGA use. Thinner choroidal layer thickness in the CG compared to the SGAG and control group was thought to be related to the patients using clozapine had a resistance to the treatment.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

“…After further exclusions, 43 studies were included in the final quantitative meta-analysis across all conditions (Figure 1). Four studies were excluded due to potential overlap with other included studies (Cabezon et al 2012;Jerotic et al 2020;Zhou et al 2021;Liu et al 2022), four studies were excluded due to necessary data not being provided (Samani et al 2018;Guclu et al 2018;Orum et al 2020;Orduna-Hospital et al 2021), two studies were excluded as they had a combined SCZ and BD sample (Joe et al 2018;Bannai et al 2020) and two studies was excluded as it did not have control subjects (van der Heide et al 2021;Hsu et al 2022). The number of datasets used for the analysis in each condition and OCT parameter has been described below under their respective headings (See supplementary material and figures of forest plot of respective analysis for further details).…”

“…Cognitive symptoms on the other hand were negatively correlated with RNFL and positively correlated with cup volume and C/D ratio (Liu et al 2020). Treatment-resistant patients had lower GCL-IPL and choroidal thickness but had no difference in RNFL compared to treatment-responsive patients Orum et al 2020: Kango et al 2022. In BD, GCC thickness was increased in all quadrants compared to controls but there was no difference in thickness between the euthymic, manic, and depressive groups (Cokunlu et al 2022).…”