Comparison of nitrogenous losses in five teleost fish species

Dosdat, Antoine; Servais, F.; Robert, Marianne; Huelvan, Christine; Desbruyères, E.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01209-5

Cited by 138 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For the amount of non-ionised ammonia in the water there was a positive linear effect of protein level in the diet (Table 4), which corroborated the results observed by Dosdat et al (1996) for five species of fish (marine and freshwater). In general, the ammonia content in water is related to the excretion of nitrogen from amino acid catabolism by fish (Melo et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Protein requirement for Trichogaster lalius, blue variety

et al. 2013

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-The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protein requirement of juvenile Trichogaster lalius, blue variety. The experimental design was of randomised blocks (B1 = initial weight of 1.04±0.05 g and B2 = 1.36±0.02 g), with two replicates within each block and five treatments (230, 270, 310, 350 and 390 g CP/kg diet). The fish were fed to satiation, three times a day for 90 days. The study evaluated: survival rate, weight gain, final length, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor. There was a linear effect of dietary protein levels for protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate (positive linear effect) and feed conversion ratio (negative linear effect). For weight gain, final length, feed intake and condition factor a quadratic effect of dietary protein levels was observed, with estimated values of 409.8, 366.2, 317.4 and 365.0 g CP/kg diet, to improve their performance parameters. Analysis of growth based on the length of the fish shows that 366.2 g of CP/kg diet meets the protein requirement of juvenile Trichogaster lalius, blue variety.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Protein requirement for Trichogaster lalius, blue variety

et al. 2013

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“…Among water quality criteria, ammonia has been described as one of the most significant limiting factors for growth and survival (Russo and Thurston, 1991;Tomasso, 1994). This constraint has been re-enforced by the recent developments in water recirculation technologies and systems in marine and freshwater fish farming (Blancheton, personal communication), and by the issues concerning environmental impacts attributable to nitrogen loading (Handy and Poxton, 1993;Dosdat et al, 1996). Ammonia and urea are the two major end-products of nitrogen metabolism in fish (Forster and Goldstein, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chronic exposure to ammonia on growth, food utilisation and metabolism of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Dosdat

2003

Aquatic Living Resources

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The chronic effects of exposing sea bass (average initial weight 100 g) to ammonia in water at 22°C were first evaluated over a 61-day period (period 1, P1) during which nine different groups were submitted to nine ambient ammonia levels ranging from 0.014 to 0.493 mg l -1 NH 3 -N (0.53-16.11 mg l -1 total ammonia nitrogen (TA-N)) and fed using self-feeders. At the end of P1, the fish were starved for 10 days (P2). Their recovery capacity was tested over 43 days (P3) after which the exogenous ammonia supply was stopped in all treatments and the fish were allowed to feed. After 20 days of exposure a highly significant effect of ammonia was evident from the decrease in feeding activity, voluntary feed intake (VFI) and specific growth rate (SGR), and the increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Ammonia exposure had no effect on circadian feeding rhythm or hourly actuation profiles. At the end of P1, the fish seemed to have adapted to all ambient ammonia concentrations tested since feeding and growth parameters were independent of ammonia levels. But they were unable to compensate for growth losses. Physiological adjustments were observed: plasma TA-N concentrations were positively related to ambient TA-N while there was no major disturbance in plasma urea. Plasma tri-iodo-thyronine concentrations were affected by ambient ammonia concentrations and there were no significant changes in hydromineral balance. During P2, oxygen consumption and urea excretion did appear to have been affected by ambient ammonia. When the exogenous supply of ammonia was stopped (P3), fish exhibited hyperphagia and compensatory growth. In fish previously exposed to the highest ammonia levels, SGR and VFI were highest, and their FCR was improved. At the end of the experiment the final average weights were similar in all of the treatments (range 337-396 g). Depending on the concentrations used, ammonia exposure may enhance subsequent fish appetite and growth rate and have a similar effect on growth performances as restricting feeding level. Within the range tested, no detrimental effect of ammonia on the metabolic capacity of the fish, measured by oxygen consumption and urea excretion, or on their physiological status was recorded, and the fish had a good recovery capacity. In the conditions of the experiment, the non-observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 6 mg l -1 .

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“…As the amino acid surplus from protein-rich diets cannot be directly stored in fishes, it is deaminated and converted into energetic compounds (Ballantyne, 2001; Stone et al, 2003), resulting in post-prandial increases in plasma total ammonia levels (Kaushik and Teles, 1985) and ammonia excretion rates (van Weerd et al, 1995;Dosdat et al, 1996;Gelineau et al, 1998;Leung et al, 1999). More than 80% of this metabolic ammonia production is excreted across the gills, a portion of which may be in direct (NH 4 + ) or indirect (H + + NH 3 ) exchange with Na + uptake (reviewed by Evans et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The alkaline tide and ammonia excretion after voluntary feeding in freshwater rainbow trout

Bucking

Wood

2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWe investigated the potential acid-base and nitrogenous waste excretion challenges created by voluntary feeding in freshwater rainbow trout, with particular focus on the possible occurrence of an alkaline tide (a metabolic alkalosis created by gastric HCl secretion during digestion). Plasma metabolites (glucose, urea and ammonia) were measured at various time points before and after voluntary feeding to satiation (approximately 5% body mass meal of dry commercial pellets), as was the net flux of ammonia and titratable alkalinity to the water from unfed and fed fish. Arterial blood, sampled by indwelling catheter, was examined for post-prandial effects on pH, plasma bicarbonate and plasma CO 2 tension. There was no significant change in plasma glucose or urea concentrations following feeding, whereas plasma ammonia transiently increased, peaking at threefold above resting values at 12 h after the meal and remaining elevated for 24 h. The increased plasma ammonia was correlated with an increase in net ammonia excretion to the water, with fed fish significantly elevating their net ammonia excretion two-to threefold between 12 and 48 h post feeding. These parameters did not change in unfed control fish. Fed fish likewise increased the net titratable base flux to the water by approximately threefold, which resulted in a transition from a small net acid flux seen in unfed fish to a large net base flux in fed fish. Over 48 h, this resulted in a net excretion of 13·867·μmol·kg -1 more base to the external water than in unfed fish. The arterial blood exhibited a corresponding rise in pH (between 6 and 12 h) and plasma bicarbonate (between 3 and 12 h) following feeding; however, no respiratory compensation was observed, as Pa CO 2 remained constant. Overall, there was evidence of numerous challenges created by feeding in a freshwater teleost fish, including the occurrence of an alkaline tide, and its compensation by excretion of base to the external water. The possible influence of feeding ecology and environmental salinity on these challenges, as well as discrepancies in the literature, are discussed.

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Comparison of nitrogenous losses in five teleost fish species

Cited by 138 publications

References 47 publications

Protein requirement for Trichogaster lalius, blue variety

Protein requirement for Trichogaster lalius, blue variety

Effect of chronic exposure to ammonia on growth, food utilisation and metabolism of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The alkaline tide and ammonia excretion after voluntary feeding in freshwater rainbow trout

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