Comparison of nitrifier activity versus growth in the Scheldt estuarya turbid, tidal estuary in northern Europe

Andersson, M.G.I.; Brion, Natacha; Middelburg, Jack J.

doi:10.3354/ame042149

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…To run the model for the years 2001, 2002, and 2004, the upstream advective forcing, the temperature forcing, and the boundary concentrations have been adapted, but no further calibration was involved, making the fits for those years a model validation. Furthermore the model has been independently validated by comparing nitrification rates to field data from the year 2003 (Andersson et al, 2006) realising the objective of creating a tool to examine interannual differences and annual budgets of key chemical species in the Scheldt estuary.…”

Section: Model Performance: Data-model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxic mineralisation and denitrification are included as the two pathways of organic matter degradation that are energetically most favourable (Canfield et al, 2005). Nitrification is included in the model since it is one of the most important O 2 consuming processes in the Scheldt estuary (Soetaert and Herman, 1995a;Andersson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Biogeochemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Present nitrogen and carbon dynamics in the Scheldt estuary using a novel 1-D model

2008

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Abstract.A 1-D, pelagic, reactive-transport model of a completely mixed, turbid, heterotrophic estuary -the Scheldt estuary -is presented. The model resolves major carbon and nitrogen species and oxygen, as well as pH. The model features two organic matter degradation pathways, oxic mineralisation and denitrification, and includes primary production as well as nitrification. Apart from advectivedispersive transport along the length axis, the model also describes O 2 , CO 2 , and N 2 air-water exchange. The aim of this study is to present a model which is as simple as possible but still fits the data well enough to determine the fate and turnover of nutrients entering the estuary and their spa-

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Section: Model Performance: Data-model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biogeochemical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present nitrogen and carbon dynamics in the Scheldt estuary using a novel 1-D model

2008

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“…Regardless of which values are most accurate, the N ox /C fix ratios in Table 1, except those for 21 March, are almost all higher, and in some cases much higher, than typical ratios of 6-19 reported for (enrichment) cultures of nitrifying bacteria (Billen, 1976;Helder and de Vries, 1983;Belser, 1984;Owens, 1986) and 2-30 for nitrifiers in natural waters (Feliatra and Bianchi, 1993;Bianchi et al, 1997;Andersson et al, 2006a). In comparison to these values, some of the N ox /C fix ratios in the present study are very high, suggesting that relatively little DIC was fixed compared to the amount of energy generated by nitrification.…”

Section: Nitrification Rates Versus Growth Of Autotrophic Nitrifiersmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, in the field, including coastal waters, these aspects have been found to be variable (e.g. Billen, 1976;Owens, 1986;Andersson et al, 2006a) and may be biased by heterotrophy amongst nitrifiers (Ward, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, nitrification rates in the field are often derived from measurements of dark fixation of 13 C-or 14 C-labeled DIC in the presence and absence of nitrification inhibitors (see e.g. Brion and Billen, 1998;Andersson et al, 2006a). This approach relies on a constant ratio between N-oxidized and C-fixed and on tight coupling between activity and growth of nitrifiers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrification and growth of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and Thaumarchaeota in the coastal North Sea

et al. 2013

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Nitrification and the associated growth of autotrophic nitrifiers, as well as the contributions of bacteria and Thaumarchaeota to total autotrophic C-fixation by nitrifiers were investigated in the Dutch coastal North Sea from October 2007 to March 2008. Rates of nitrification were determined by incubation of water samples with ¹⁵N-ammonium and growth of autotrophic nitrifiers was measured by incubation with ¹³C-DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) in the presence and absence of nitrification inhibitors (nitrapyrin and chlorate) in combination with compound-specific stable isotope (¹³C) analysis of bacterial and Thaumarchaeotal lipid biomarkers. Net nitrification during the sampling period was evident from the concentration dynamics of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. Measured nitrification rates were high (41–221 nmol N L⁻¹ h⁻¹). Ammonium assimilation was always substantially lower than nitrification – with nitrification on average contributing 89% (range 73–97%) to total ammonium consumption.

¹³C-DIC fixation into bacterial and Thaumarchaeotal lipids was strongly reduced by the nitrification inhibitors (27–95 %). The inhibitor-sensitive ¹³C-PLFA (phospholipid-derived fatty acid) pool was dominated by the common PLFAs 16:0, 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c throughout the whole sampling period and occasionally also included the polyunsaturated fatty acids 18:2ω6c and 18:3ω3. ¹³C-DIC fixation activity of the nitrifying bacteria was much higher than that of the nitrifying Thaumarchaeota throughout the whole sampling period, even during the peak in Thaumarchaeotal abundance and activity. This suggests that the contribution of autotrophic Thaumarchaeota to nitrification during winter in the coastal North Sea may have been smaller than expected from their gene abundance (16S rRNA and amoA (ammonia monooxygenase)). These results emphasize the importance of direct measurements of the actual activity of bacteria and Thaumarchaeota, rather than abundance measurements only, in order to elucidate their biogeochemical importance. The ratio between rates of nitrification versus DIC fixation by bacterial nitrifiers was higher or even much higher than typical values for autotrophic nitrifiers, indicating that little DIC was fixed relative to the amount of energy that was generated by nitrification

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Using Paired In Situ High Frequency Nitrate Measurements to Better Understand Controls on Nitrate Concentrations and Estimate Nitrification Rates in a Wastewater‐Impacted River

Kraus

O'Donnell

Downing

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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We used paired continuous nitrate ( NO3–) measurements along a tidally affected river receiving wastewater discharge rich in ammonium ( NH4+) to quantify rates of change in NO3– concentration ( RΔNO3) and estimate nitrification rates. NO3– sensors were deployed 30 km apart in the Sacramento River, California (USA), with the upstream station located immediately above the regional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). We used a travel time model to track water transit between the stations and estimated RΔNO3 every 15 min (October 2013 to September 2014). Changes in NO3– concentration were strongly related to water temperature. In the presence of wastewater, RΔNO3 was generally positive, ranging from about 7 µM d−1 in the summer to near zero in the winter. Numerous periods when the WWTP halted discharge allowed the RΔNO3 to be estimated under no‐effluent conditions and revealed that in the absence of effluent, net gains in NO3– were substantially lower but still positive in the summer and negative (net sink) in the winter. Nitrification rates of effluent‐derived NH4 ( RNitrific_E) were estimated from the difference between RΔNO3 measured in the presence versus absence of effluent and ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 µM d−1, which is within literature values but tenfold greater than recently reported for this region. RNitrific_E was generally lower in winter (∼2 µM d−1) than summer (∼3 µM d−1). This in situ, high frequency approach provides advantages over traditional discrete sampling, incubation, and tracer methods and allows measurements to be made over broad areas for extended periods of time. Incorporating this approach into environmental monitoring programs can facilitate our ability to protect and manage aquatic systems.

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Comparison of nitrifier activity versus growth in the Scheldt estuarya turbid, tidal estuary in northern Europe

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Present nitrogen and carbon dynamics in the Scheldt estuary using a novel 1-D model

Present nitrogen and carbon dynamics in the Scheldt estuary using a novel 1-D model

Nitrification and growth of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and Thaumarchaeota in the coastal North Sea

Using Paired In Situ High Frequency Nitrate Measurements to Better Understand Controls on Nitrate Concentrations and Estimate Nitrification Rates in a Wastewater‐Impacted River

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Comparison of nitrifier activity versus growth in the Scheldt estuarya turbid, tidal estuary in northern Europe

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Present nitrogen and carbon dynamics in the Scheldt estuary using a novel 1-D model

Present nitrogen and carbon dynamics in the Scheldt estuary using a novel 1-D model

Nitrification and growth of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and Thaumarchaeota in the coastal North Sea

Using Paired In Situ High Frequency Nitrate Measurements to Better Understand Controls on Nitrate Concentrations and Estimate Nitrification Rates in a Wastewater‐Impacted River

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Comparison of nitrifier activity versus growth in the Scheldt estuarya turbid, tidal estuary in northern Europe