Comparison of Near-Nozzle Spray Performance of Gas-to-Liquid and Jet A-1 Fuels Using Shadowgraph and Phase Doppler Anemometry

Abstract

The gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel, a liquid fuel synthesized from natural gas through Fischer–Tropsch process, exhibits better combustion and, in turn, lower emission characteristics than the conventional jet fuels. However, the GTL fuel has different fuel properties than those of regular jet fuels, which could potentially affect its atomization and combustion aspects. The objective of the present work is to investigate the near-nozzle atomization characteristics of GTL fuel and compare them with those of the conventional Jet A-1 fuel. The spray experiments are conducted at different nozzle operating conditions under standard ambient conditions. The near-nozzle macroscopic spray characteristics are determined from the shadowgraph images. Near the nozzle exit, a thorough statistical analysis shows that the liquid sheet dynamics of GTL fuel is different from that of Jet A-1 fuel. However, further downstream, the microscopic spray characteristics of GTL fuel are comparable to those of the Jet A-1 fuel.

Spray characterization of boron-loaded slurry fuels using high-speed imaging technique

“…Therefore, as the ligament diameter increases, the droplet diameter also increases. In concordance with Shinjo et al 58 's study, the results also show an increase in droplet diameter with an increase in ligament diameter. This increase in the diameter of the droplet is mainly due to the effect of viscosity.…”

“…A similar approach has been used by Kannaiyan et al 29 for finding the sheet breakup length for nanoparticles-loaded aviation turbine fuel and (GTL) gas-to-liquid fuel. 58 Experimental results show that the break-up length was high for JB20 and JB30 at low M (see Figure 10(b)). With an increase in M , the break-up length was reduced due to higher atomizing air velocity ( u g ).…”

“…The thickness of the spray sheet influences ligament formation, resulting in a larger ligament diameter. According to Shinjo et al, 58 droplet diameter is strongly related to ligament diameter.…”

Influence of Fuel Characteristics on the Alternative Jet Fuel Atomization at Non-Reacting Conditions

“…Earlier, the effects of fuel properties [10][11][12][13] and nanoparticle dispersion [14,15] on the NG-SPK jet fuel atomization were reported at atmospheric ambient conditions. Results from those studies indicated a minimal influence of fuel characteristics on atomization, resulting in comparable performance between conventional and alternative jet fuels at such conditions.…”