Comparison of nanosilver removal by flocculent and granular sludge and short- and long-term inhibition impacts

Effect of CuO nanoparticles on the production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical stability of activated sludge flocs

“…S2). Such observations agree with previous studies concerning the behavior of Ag NPs in wastewater treatment systems (Gu et al, 2014). In addition, CuO aggregates with diameters larger than 500 nm were found on the surfaces of the activated sludge, which was confirmed by the EDS examination of the activated sludge.…”

“…The intracellular ROS in the sludge was measured by the dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) assay method according to the procedure reported in the literature (Gu et al, 2014). Briefly, the mixed sludge liquor was first centrifuged at 10,000g for 10 min and was washed with a 0.85% (w/w) NaCl solution.…”

“…Analysis of ROS production and LDH release assays have been widely used to evaluate the influences of such toxicants on cell growth and viability (Gu et al, 2014;Ma et al, 2013). While the level of extracellular LDH is an indicator of the cell membrane integrity (Hou et al, 2014), ROS is an important indicator of oxidative stress (Applerot et al, 2012).…”

Effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on production and physicochemical characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms in sequencing batch biofilm reactor

“…However, the production of EPS in biofilms increased after exposure to CeO 2 NPs. A possible cause for this phenomenon could be the complicated behavior of the biofilm microbes in resisting the toxicity of the NPs (Gu et al, 2014). CeO 2 NPs have toxic effects on the bacteria and induce cell death (Fig.…”

Effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on biological nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor and mechanism of toxicity

“…For example, when the commonly used laboratory cell line BEAS-2B was exposed to different concentrations of CeO 2 NPs, the rising concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the advance of glutathione (GSH) activity were used to explain the mechanism of cell death (Horton and Khan, 2006). Therefore, experiments to observe LDH release and ROS production were conducted to assess the impact of such poisons on cell viability and growth (Gu et al, 2014). The extracellular LDH value is regarded as an indicator of membrane integrity (Hou et al, 2014), whereas the ROS production is used to measure oxidative stress (Applerot et al, 2012).…”