Abstract:A phenomenon that transiently increases the permeability of the cells is known as electroporation. It is the basis for number of the applications in biomedical domains. It is essential to consider requirement of high precision and the overall size of electroporator. The recent decades have seen the development of solid-state power electronic modules. The modules enable generation of high voltage millisecond and nano-second pulses with options to reduce the overall size of the equipment. The selective modules a… Show more
“…There can be a variety of pulses that can be generated as per the specific applications; however, there are two things common to all the pulses. Firstly, the voltages of all the pulses are in the range of 1-100 kV; secondly, the pulse duration ranges from milliseconds to nanoseconds [16]. For high voltage pulses, the duration of the pulse is shorter.…”
Electroporation is a next generation bioelectronics device. The emerging application of electroporation requires high voltage pulses having a pulse-width in the nanosecond range. The essential use of a capacitor results in an increase in the size of the electroporator circuit. This paper discusses the modification of a conventional Marx generator circuit to achieve the high voltage electroporation pulses with a minimal chip size of the circuit. The reduced capacitors are attributed to a reduction in the number of stages used to achieve the required voltage boost. The paper proposes the improved isolation between two capacitors with the usage of optocouplers. Parametric analysis is presented to define the tuneable range of the electroporator circuit. The output voltage of 49.4 V is achieved using the proposed 5-stage MOSFET circuit with an input voltage of 12 V.
“…There can be a variety of pulses that can be generated as per the specific applications; however, there are two things common to all the pulses. Firstly, the voltages of all the pulses are in the range of 1-100 kV; secondly, the pulse duration ranges from milliseconds to nanoseconds [16]. For high voltage pulses, the duration of the pulse is shorter.…”
Electroporation is a next generation bioelectronics device. The emerging application of electroporation requires high voltage pulses having a pulse-width in the nanosecond range. The essential use of a capacitor results in an increase in the size of the electroporator circuit. This paper discusses the modification of a conventional Marx generator circuit to achieve the high voltage electroporation pulses with a minimal chip size of the circuit. The reduced capacitors are attributed to a reduction in the number of stages used to achieve the required voltage boost. The paper proposes the improved isolation between two capacitors with the usage of optocouplers. Parametric analysis is presented to define the tuneable range of the electroporator circuit. The output voltage of 49.4 V is achieved using the proposed 5-stage MOSFET circuit with an input voltage of 12 V.
Electroporation has a specific application in the delivery of drugs into the cells. In addition, the challenge is to be able to deliver the drugs effectively. The key to the electroporation-based delivery method is regulated induced transmembrane voltage (ITMV). Recently, with the advent of COVID-19, there has been an increase in clinical trials on the delivery of DNA plasmids by electroporation. As a result, the substantial number of laboratory experiments are not feasible, thereby increasing the dependency on simulation-based research. Simulations of delivery of extracellular material into the cell depend upon molecular transport modeling in an electroporated cell. In this paper, molecular transport through a single nanopore is being studied theoretically. The closed-form expression of molecular transport is used in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation to obtain extracellular concentration variation as a function of time. Sinusoidal pulses with the varying magnitude of electric field (8kV/cm and 10 kV/cm) and time duration were used to understand pulse parameters' effect on molecular transport. The simulation results match the empirical result from the literature hence validate the simulation study.
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