Comparison of nano/micro lead, bismuth and tungsten on the gamma shielding properties of the flexible composites against photon in wide energy range (40 keV–662 keV)

Gamma radiation shielding properties of recycled polyvinyl chloride composites reinforced with micro/nano-structured PbO and CuO particles

“…Asgari et al compared the radiation shielding features of micro and nano lead, bismuth and tungsten doped in elastomer composites against photon in wide energy range (40 keV to 662 keV). The results showed that better attenuation was achieved as the dimension of the particles was decreased to nano-size, especially at low photon energies [22].…”

Comprehensive study on structure, shielding properties of Ga-In-Sn-Bi-Zn alloys: potential use for low energy radiation

“…Nevertheless, owing to the particle size of the conventional solid filler itself and the different physical-chemical properties between it and the polymer matrix, which results in the composites with non-uniform filler dispersion, massive interface defects and deteriorated mechanical properties. Therefore, it is usually necessary to nanoscale the fillers, which is a time-consuming, high cost, and complex process (Nanda et al 2017, Asgari et al 2021. The Alloy 4 has a melting point of 66.95 °C, which is lower than that of most thermoplastic polymers, and it has been transformed into a molten state when the polymer fused.…”

Preparation of Nano-PbWO4 Particles by Polymaleic Acid Modification: A Highly Filled Nonwoven Membrane Used To Improve the Wearing Comfort and Radiation Safety of γ-ray Protection Products

“…In other words, personal protective equipment (PPE) plays a crucial role in both current and future contexts. Rubber matrix composites containing heavy metal elements such as lead (Pb) and tungsten (W) are often used in the production of PPE. − The high-density electron cloud unique to heavy metal elements such as Pb and W increases the possibility of collisions between high-energy photons and electrons, thus achieving the purpose of radiation shielding. − In addition, the flexibility of the rubber matrix composites meets the conditions for the use of PPE. − However, due to the poor air permeability of rubber-based PPE, gas exchange cannot be carried out on both sides of PPE, and it is difficult for nuclear-related personnel to effectively dissipate heat when working, making it impossible for workers to wear PPE for a long time, thereby reducing wearing comfort and productivity. , Therefore, it is imperative to develop air-permeable flexible materials that can enhance both the wearing comfort and radiation safety aspects of PPE.…”