Comparison of multiple methods for induction of necrotic enteritis in broilers. I

Wilson, Kim; Chasser, K.M.; Duff, Audrey F.; Briggs, W.N.; Latorre, Juan D.; Barta, John R.; Bielke, Lisa R.

doi:10.3382/japr/pfy033

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…All poults were then further divided by treatment into 6 replicate pens (n = 30) which created a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. BW for all poults were collected on DoH, day 16, day 21, day 28, day 35, and day 42 to calculate BW gain ( BWG ), percent BWG ( %BWG ), and percent change in BWG ( %ΔBWG ) relative to respective controls (CON for uninoculated groups and I-CON for inoculated groups) as described by Wilson and coauthors (2018) . Daily fecal samples were collected from each pen on day 21 to day 33 to monitor oocysts shedding that is represented as oocysts per gram of feces ( OPG ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary synbiotic supplementation on performance parameters in turkey poults administered a mixed Eimeria species inoculation I

et al. 2020

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This study examined the effects a synbiotic feed additive (PoultryStar me US ) on performance and intestinal health parameters in turkey poults administered a mixed Eimeria inoculation. The synbiotic feed additive consisted of Lactobacillus reuteri , Enterococcus faecium , Bifidobacterium animalis , Pediococcus acidilactici and a fructo-oligosaccharide prebiotic. Dietary treatments began on day of hatch, and poults were placed on a normal starter, starter containing Clinacox, or starter containing PoultryStar until the conclusion of the experiment on day 42. In addition, on day of hatch, all poults, with exception of the negative control, were orally inoculated with Salmonella enterica Enteritidis. On day 16, poults in inoculated treatment groups received an oral dose of Eimeria adenoides and Eimeria meleagrimitis oocysts resulting in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. BW were measured at weekly intervals after challenge, and fecal samples were collected from all pens during day 21 to day 33 to monitor fecal shedding and calculate oocyst per gram of feces. Five day after Eimeria inoculation, inoculated PoultryStar-fed ( I-PS ) and inoculated Clinacox-fed ( I-CL ) poults, on average, weighed and gained significantly more weight ( P < 0.05) than inoculated controls ( I-CON ) and were similar to uninoculated treatments. Between day 21 and day 28, I-PS and I-CL poults showed a 23% improvement ( P < 0.001) in percent change in BW gained relative to I-CON, and overall weight gain as a percentage was similar to the uninoculated control. Overall incidence of macroscopic intestinal lesions on day 21 and day 28 was low, but I-PS and I-CL poults were generally less positive than I-CON, and no oocysts were detected in the feces of any group except I-CON which cycled as expected. From this study, it can be concluded that incorporating PoultryStar into the diet of poults reared to 6 wk ameliorates and prevents aspects of performance loss and negative impacts on gut health seen with mixed Eimeria inoculation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary synbiotic supplementation on performance parameters in turkey poults administered a mixed Eimeria species inoculation I

et al. 2020

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“…Gram-positive rods are commonly associated with areas of necrosis (Fletcher et al, 2008) . Congested blood vessels (Dahiya et al, 2005) Age 2-6-week-old broilers (Cooper et al, 2013;Uzal et al, 2016) 2 -5-week-old broilers (Hargis, 2019) Aetiological agent C. perfringens type G (NetB) (Keyburn et al, 2008; Associated with C. perfringens type A (no causative toxins identified) (Yin et al, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Wilson et al, 2018)…”

Section: Necro-haemorrhagic Enteritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preceding or co-infection with Eimeria Diets rich in high energy, high protein and/or high non-starch polysaccharides (Moore, 2016;Yang et al, 2019) Preceding or co-infection with Eimeria (Fletcher et al, 2008;Wilson et al, 2018;Hargis, 2019) Main differences are indicated in bold.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…epithelial cells at the tips of villi (Dahiya et al, 2005), all events that are typically linked to the action of alpha toxin (Morris et al, 2012;Goossens et al, 2017). Haemorrhagic NE seems to be linked with specific netBnegative C. perfringens type A strains, as the disease can be experimentally reproduced with netB-negative strains isolated from diseased birds (Yin et al, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Wilson et al, 2018). However, re-isolation of the inoculated C. perfringens strains was not reported, and no studies to identify causative toxins or virulence factors have been conducted so far.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental inoculation of birds with these field isolates routinely results in the reproduction of disease, indicating the pathogenic nature of the isolated type A strains. However, re-isolation of the inoculated strain is essential to prove its pathogenicity, but was not reported (Yin et al, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Wilson et al, 2018). These contradictory findings are also reflected in the literature when gross pathological lesions are described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spotlight on avian pathology: untangling contradictory disease descriptions of necrotic enteritis and necro-haemorrhagic enteritis in broilers

et al. 2020

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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the most detrimental infectious diseases in the modern poultry industry, characterized by necrosis in the small intestine. It is commonly accepted that NetBproducing C. perfringens type G strains are responsible for the disease. However, based on both macroscopic and histopathological observations, two distinct types of NE are observed. To date, both a haemorrhagic form of NE and the type G-associated non-haemorrhagic disease entity are commonly referred to as NE and the results from scientific research are interchangeably used, without distinguishing between the disease entities. Therefore, we propose to rename the haemorrhagic disease entity to necro-haemorrhagic enteritis.

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Research Note: Evaluating fecal shedding of oocysts in relation to body weight gain and lesion scores during Eimeria infection

et al. 2020

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Coccidiosis has been a pervasive disease within the poultry industry, with test parameters used to measure effectiveness of treatment strategies often being subjective or influenced by non–disease-related activity. Four experiments were completed, which examined several test parameters of coccidiosis, including body weight gain ( BWG ), lesion scores, and oocysts per gram of feces ( OPG ). Each experiment included at least 2 parameters for measuring coccidial infection in chickens and turkeys. In experiment 1, an inoculated control was measured against 3 anticoccidial groups, whereas in experiments 2 to 4, noninoculated and inoculated controls were compared via BWG and OPG. Lesion scores were also included in experiments 1, 3, and 4. Experiment 4 resulted in high correlation, via Pearson correlation coefficient, between BWG and OPG ( r = −0.69), very high correlation between OPG and lesion score ( r = 0.86), and moderate correlation between BWG and lesion score ( r = −0.49). Lesion scores proved to be effective in confirming Eimeria infection, although they did not correlate well with BWG or OPG. Each parameter tended to provide more useful information when lined up with the Eimeria life cycle. Incorporation of OPG, with BWG and lesion scores, as test parameters to measure coccidiosis intervention strategies, provides a global description of disease that may not otherwise be observed with the 2 latter measurements alone.

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Comparison of multiple methods for induction of necrotic enteritis in broilers. I

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of dietary synbiotic supplementation on performance parameters in turkey poults administered a mixed Eimeria species inoculation I

Effect of dietary synbiotic supplementation on performance parameters in turkey poults administered a mixed Eimeria species inoculation I

Spotlight on avian pathology: untangling contradictory disease descriptions of necrotic enteritis and necro-haemorrhagic enteritis in broilers

Research Note: Evaluating fecal shedding of oocysts in relation to body weight gain and lesion scores during Eimeria infection

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