Comparison of Multiple Measures of ADHD Symptomatology: A Multivariate Genetic Analysis

Nadder, Teresa S.; Silberg, Judy L.; Rutter, Michael; Maes, Hermine H.; Eaves, Lindon J.

doi:10.1017/s0021963001007119

Cited by 40 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…When results of the Rutter-A and -B scales or from the parent or teacher rated DBRS were compared (Table 1), teacher ratings often resulted in lower heritability estimates (around 50%) than parent ratings and additionally described shared and non-shared environmental effects [41,67,97,99,106]. Besides possible measurement error, findings imply that parents and teachers might rate different ADHD behavior, which has explicitly been shown for differences in the ratings of mothers and fathers [43,113].…”

Section: Rater Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several studies additionally assessed the bivariate heritability of attention problems and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms to elicit, if attention problems and hyperactive-impulsive problems were mediated by the same or different genetic risk factors. Despite an early finding of high bivariate heritability suggesting that the same genetic influences contribute to attention problems and hyperactivity/impulsivity in DSM-III [96], more recent studies resulted in the findings of common as well specific genetic effects for each subtype [52,65,67,120]. These findings are supported by a metaanalysis of family studies which also reported small subtype-specific transmission effects [102].…”

Section: Subtype Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different scales resulted in slightly different heritability estimates for girls and boys, and in one study, an effect of age was detected with lower heritability estimates in 8-9-year-old boys than girls and higher heritability estimates in 13-14-year-old boys than girls based on a DSM-III-R questionnaire [53,67]. For combined ADHD as assessed be the CAPA, a similar genetic factor for girls and boys was described, whereas for the inattentive subtype, a second genetic factor was described which was more common in girls [65,67].…”

Section: Sex Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Freitag

Rohde

Lempp

et al. 2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Twin studies described a strongly heritable component of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. However, findings varied considerably between studies. In addition, ADHD presents with a high rate of comorbid disorders and associated psychopathology. Therefore, this literature review reports findings from population-based twin studies regarding the influence of subtypes, assessment instruments, rater effects, sex differences, and comorbidity rates on ADHD heritability estimates. In addition, genetic effects on the persistence of ADHD are discussed. By reviewing relevant factors influencing heritability estimates more homogeneous subtypes relevant for molecular genetic studies can be elicited. A systematic search of population-based twin studies in ADHD was performed, using the databases PubMed and PsycInfo. Results of family studies were added in case insufficient or contradictory findings were obtained in twin studies. Heritability estimates were strongly influenced by rater effects and assessment instruments. Inattentive and hyperactiveimpulsive symptoms were likely influenced by common as well as specific genetic risk factors. Besides persistent ADHD, ADHD accompanied by symptoms of conduct or antisocial personality disorder might be another strongly genetically determined subtype, however, family environmental risk factors have also been established for this pattern of comorbidity.

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Section: Rater Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Subtype Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Freitag

Rohde

Lempp

et al. 2010

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It appears from twin studies that this is partially true, with studies consistently showing genetic influences common to both reports (e.g. Thapar et al 11 , Nadder et al 34 and Martin et al 32 ). However, the same studies show informant-specific effects suggesting that some genes contribute to phenotypes differentially indexed by informant sources, an observation that should be borne in mind when comparing molecular genetic data derived from different study designs using different reporters.…”

Section: Combined Parent and Teacher Reportsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

et al. 2006

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It is well established that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial and highly heritable disorder. Consequently, much effort is being directed towards searching for specific susceptibility genes. There is a growing trend, across the field of complex disease genetics, towards undertaking secondary analyses based on refined phenotypic definitions and in testing whether specific susceptibility genes modify the phenotypic presentation of the disorder in question. It is crucial that good, empirically derived arguments are made before undertaking multiple analyses on different phenotype refinements. In this review article, we consider the evidence from genetic epidemiological studies as well as key clinical studies that provide guidance on examining the ADHD phenotype for the purpose of molecular genetic studies. Specifically, findings on categorical versus dimensional conceptualisations of ADHD, reporter effects, comorbidity, ADHD subtypes and persistence are reviewed. Current evidence suggests that for the purpose of identifying susceptibility genes for ADHD, parent and teachers should be used as informants and that focusing on the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is useful. There is also good empirical support in favour of examining antisocial behaviour in ADHD. Genetic studies of dimensional ADHD are useful for other complementary purposes.

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“…54 In the present study, our quantitative TDT findings for the calcyon gene show a higher degree of similarity between the analyses of parent and teacher ratings of inattentive behaviours than between the corresponding analyses of hyperactive/impulsive behaviours. The significance of this is unclear, although we note that only moderate genetic correlations between raters has been suggested by twin studies, 55,56 and it is thought that this may be due to different sets of genes underlying what is observed and reported by the two informants. 57 Thus, the use of different raters, by providing supplementary information, should be valuable in elucidating the complex genotype/phenotype relationships in ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Association of the calcyon gene (DRD1IP) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2005

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by marked inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The dopaminergic system has been hypothesized to be involved in the development of ADHD. Positive associations have been found for the dopamine receptors D1 and D5 genes, suggesting that other genes involved in D1/D5 signalling may also contribute to ADHD. In this study, we tested the calcyon gene (DRD1IP), which encodes a brain-specific D1-interacting protein involved in D1/D5 receptors calcium signalling, for association with ADHD. The inheritance of nine polymorphisms in the calcyon gene was examined in a sample of 215 nuclear families, with 260 affected children, using the transmission/disequilibrium test. The most common haplotype, designated C1, demonstrated significant evidence for excess transmission. Quantitative trait analyses of this haplotype showed significant relationships with both the inattentive (parent's rating, P ¼ 0.006; teacher's rating, P ¼ 0.003) and hyperactive/impulsive (parent's rating, P ¼ 0.004) dimensions of the disorder. Two of the nine marker alleles included in haplotype C1, rs4838721A located B10 kb 5 0 of the gene and rs2275723C located 10 bp upstream of the exon 5 acceptor splice site, also showed significant evidence for association when analysed individually. As these two variants are not predicted to alter calcyon function, we screened the gene exons by sequencing. No variation in the coding region was identified, suggesting that a causal variant allele resides elsewhere in a regulatory sequence of the gene. These findings support the proposed involvement of the calcyon gene in ADHD and implicate haplotype C1 as containing a risk allele.

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Comparison of Multiple Measures of ADHD Symptomatology: A Multivariate Genetic Analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Phenotypic and measurement influences on heritability estimates in childhood ADHD

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

Association of the calcyon gene (DRD1IP) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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