Comparison of MR flow quantification in peripheral and main pulmonary arteries in patients after right ventricular outflow tract surgery: A retrospective study

Rutz, Tobias; Meierhofer, Christian; Naumann, Susanne; Martinoff, Stefan; Ewert, Peter; Stern, Heiko; Fratz, Sohrab

doi:10.1002/jmri.25701

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Superiority of 4D flow CMR in rTOF was evident through higher correlations and lower mean differences than 2D PC-CMR. This is in agreement with studies in other patient groups [55,56], which also found greater inconsistency in 2D PC-CMR, likely due to changing output during different breath-holds [25,57].…”

Section: Clinical Application Of 4d Flow In Rtofsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Further, mean velocities and net flow calculations with echo is dependent on flow profile and vessel cross-sectional area, which may be less accurate with complex arterial flow and distorted anatomy [16]. Complex flow patterns are particularly relevant in patients with dilated main pulmonary arteries, as the accuracy of flow measurements is compromised in the presence of focal turbulence, through-plane motion of stenotic semilunar valves, or the postoperative distorted anatomy itself [57].…”

Section: Clinical Application Of 4d Flow In Rtofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance in tetralogy of Fallot: a systematic review

Elsayed

Gilbert

Scadeng

et al. 2021

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

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Background Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) often develop cardiovascular dysfunction and require regular imaging to evaluate deterioration and time interventions such as pulmonary valve replacement. Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D flow CMR) enables detailed assessment of flow characteristics in all chambers and great vessels. We performed a systematic review of intra-cardiac 4D flow applications in rTOF patients, to examine clinical utility and highlight optimal methods for evaluating rTOF patients. Methods A comprehensive literature search was undertaken in March 2020 on Google Scholar and Scopus. A modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used to assess and score the applicability of each study. Important clinical outcomes were assessed including similarities and differences. Results Of the 635 articles identified, 26 studies met eligibility for systematic review. None of these were below 59% applicability on the modified CASP score. Studies could be broadly classified into four groups: (i) pilot studies, (ii) development of new acquisition methods, (iii) validation and (vi) identification of novel flow features. Quantitative comparison with other modalities included 2D phase contrast CMR (13 studies) and echocardiography (4 studies). The 4D flow study applications included stroke volume (18/26;69%), regurgitant fraction (16/26;62%), relative branch pulmonary artery flow(4/26;15%), systolic peak velocity (9/26;35%), systemic/pulmonary total flow ratio (6/26;23%), end diastolic and end systolic volume (5/26;19%), kinetic energy (5/26;19%) and vorticity (2/26;8%). Conclusions 4D flow CMR shows potential in rTOF assessment, particularly in retrospective valve tracking for flow evaluation, velocity profiling, intra-cardiac kinetic energy quantification, and vortex visualization. Protocols should be targeted to pathology. Prospective, randomized, multi-centered studies are required to validate these new characteristics and establish their clinical use.

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