Comparison of Morphological Variation Indicative of Ploidy Level in Phragmites Australis (Poaceae) From Eastern North America

Saltonstall, Kristin; Glennon, Kelsey L.; Burnett, Alison; Hunter, Richard B.; Hunter, Kimberly L.

doi:10.3119/0035-4902(2007)109[415:comvio]2.0.co;2

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Brisson et al (unpubl. data)Aboveground biomass (g m −2 )BrackishAppoquinimink and St Jones, DE15Meadows (2006)BrackishChoptank River, MD191Mozdzer and Zieman (2010)Leaf area (cm 2 ramet −1 )BrackishChoptank River, MD38Mozdzer and Zieman (2010)BrackishAppoquinimink and St Jones, DE36Meadows (2006)Leaf N content (%)BrackishChoptank River, MD28Mozdzer and Zieman (2010)BrackishRappahanock River, MD25Mozdzer and Zieman (2010)BrackishRappahanock River, MD16Packett and Chambers (2006)BrackishMultiple21Saltonstall (2007)FreshLac Saint-François, Canada7J. Brisson et al (unpubl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2010)Plant height (cm)RhizomeMD34Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)SeedMD49Saltonstall and Stevenson (2007)RhizomeAZVasquez et al . (2005)Belowground : aboveground (∼R : S)RhizomeMD89Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)SeedMD46Saltonstall and Stevenson (2007)Leaf area (cm 2 ramet −1 )RhizomeDenmark14. b Hansen et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2010)RhizomeSalinityAZ873Vasquez et al . (2005)RhizomeCO 2 MD322Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)RhizomeCO 2 + NMD193Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)Total biomass (g or g m −2 )RhizomeNMD171Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)RhizomeNMD108Saltonstall and Stevenson (2007)RhizomeField + NRI250Holdredge et al . (2010)RhizomeCO 2 MD171Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)RhizomeCO 2 + NMD151Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)Plant height (cm)RhizomeNMD20Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)SeedNMD16Saltonstall and Stevenson (2007)RhizomeCO 2 MD20Mozdzer and Megonigal (2012)RhizomeCO 2 + NMD13…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological ecology and functional traits of North American native and Eurasian introduced Phragmites australis lineages

2013

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Biological invasion pose serious threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. While the effects of invasive species are well-documents, less is known about which specific plant traits convey “invasiveness” because most studies compare closely related, but different species which can confound results. A review of the literature by Mozdzer and other scientists compared genetic lineages of the same species, those native to North American and a lineage introduced from Europe to address this complex issue. The authors found that the ability to change both physiologically and morphologically were the key to success of the introduced genetic lineage under current and predicted global change conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological ecology and functional traits of North American native and Eurasian introduced Phragmites australis lineages

2013

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“…Greater values of stomatal conductance are also associated with greater photosynthetic rates (Wong, Cowan & Farquhar 1979). Differences in the size and densities of stomata between native and introduced lineages (Saltonstall et al. 2007) may complicate the interpretation of these data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological differences between genetic lineages facilitate the invasion of non‐native Phragmites australis in North American Atlantic coast wetlands

2010

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Summary1. Over the last century, native Phragmites australis lineages have been almost completely replaced along the North American Atlantic coast by an aggressive lineage originating from Eurasia. Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate biological invasions is critical to better understand what makes an invasive species successful. 2. Our objective was to determine what makes the introduced lineage so successful in the study area by specifically investigating if morphological and ecophysiological differences exist between native and introduced genetic lineages of P. australis. We hypothesized a priori that due to phenotypic differences and differences in plant nitrogen (N) content between lineages, the introduced lineage would have a greater photosynthetic potential. 3. In situ ecophysiological and morphological data were collected for 2 years in a mid-Atlantic tidal marsh and in a glasshouse experiment. We measured photosynthetic parameters (A max , water use efficiency, stomatal conductance) using infrared gas analysis, in conjunction with ecophysiological and morphological parameters [specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, chlorophyll content, N content]. 4. Introduced P. australis maintained 51% greater rates of photosynthesis and up to 100% greater rates of stomatal conductance which are magnified by its 38-83% greater photosynthetic canopy compared to the native type. The introduced lineage also had a significantly greater SLA and N content. Glasshouse-grown plants and naturally occurring populations demonstrated similar trends in ecophysiological characteristics, verifying the heritability of these differences. These ecophysiological differences, when combined with an extended growing season, provide the mechanism to explain the success of introduced P. australis in North America. 5. Our findings suggest the native type is a low-nutrient specialist, with a more efficient photosynthetic mechanisms and lower N demand, whereas the introduced type requires nearly four times more N than the native type to be an effective competitor. 6. Synthesis. Our study is the first to combine field and laboratory data to explain a biological invasion attributed to ecophysiological differences between genetic lineages. Our data corroborates earlier work suggesting anthropogenic modification of wetland environments has provided the state change necessary for the success of introduced P. australis. Finally, our results suggest that genotypic differences within species merit further investigations, especially when related to biological invasions.

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“…Third, mixtures of native and non‐native haplotypes could also affect genetic diversity if the two types spread differently (e.g. if natives were hexaploid and invasives were tetraploid as suggested, but not definitively demonstrated, in Saltonstall et al. 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of invasive Phragmites australis in estuaries with differing degrees of development: genetic patterns, Allee effects and interpretation

McCormick¹,

Kettenring

Baron

et al. 2010

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. The distribution of genetic variation can be interpreted to understand the timing and mechanisms of invasive species spread. Allee effects, positive relationships between fitness and density or number of conspecific individuals, can play a substantial role in determining the time lag between initial introduction and invasive spread and can produce genetic patterns in invading populations that can be interpreted to learn about factors affecting invasion mechanisms. 2. We examined the distribution of genetic variation in the invasive wetland grass Phragmites australis in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. We used microsatellite analysis to examine the reproductive mode (clonal vs. seed) by which the invasive haplotype of P. australis has spread and the distribution of genetic variation within and among brackish wetlands in nine subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Watersheds associated with the subestuaries were dominated by forests, anthropogenic development or mixed forests and development. 3. Our results suggest that the invasive haplotype of P. australis has spread primarily sexually by seed, rather than clonally, and genetic diversity of patches within subestuaries increased while genetic similarity decreased with increasing development in the surrounding watershed. 4. This suggests a pattern whereby greater genetic diversity of patches may promote more rapid spread due to recruitment of multiple seedlings into a disturbed patch. 5. Synthesis. Evaluation of patterns of genetic distribution can help to identify factors affecting invasion in different environments and so inform management.

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Comparison of Morphological Variation Indicative of Ploidy Level in Phragmites Australis (Poaceae) From Eastern North America

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Physiological ecology and functional traits of North American native and Eurasian introduced Phragmites australis lineages

Physiological ecology and functional traits of North American native and Eurasian introduced Phragmites australis lineages

Ecophysiological differences between genetic lineages facilitate the invasion of non‐native Phragmites australis in North American Atlantic coast wetlands

Spread of invasive Phragmites australis in estuaries with differing degrees of development: genetic patterns, Allee effects and interpretation

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