Comparison of molecular and biochemical heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from Turkey and the USA

Altınok, İlhan; Çapkın, Erol; Boran, Halis

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.07.011

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Studies have demonstrated that aquatic and fish microflora have similar characteristics and that many bacteria that induce diseases in fish are present in aquatic resources. In particular, the causative factors associated with Y. ruckeri, which induces the systemic disease enteric red mouth disease, also known as yersiniosis in trout [12], ranked as the top disease-causing factor in rainbow trout farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms in Anatolia, Turkey

et al. 2023

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The present study aimed to detect Yersinia ruckeri bacteria in fish samples collected from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) farms in the South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey through bacteriological culturing and polymerase chain reaction. Separate visits were made to trout farming facilities in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman in January and February 2021, and 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each facility. A total of 1,200 samples were taken from 40 trout farms. Liver, spleen, kidney, and tissue specimens were collected from rainbow trout. Yersinia ruckeri was isolated from the kidney, liver and muscle tissue of fish on McConkey Agar for bacteriological examinations. Isolated strains were identified by MALDİ–TOF and PCR. It was detected the bacteria in the liver, kidney, and muscle tissue samples of fish from 23 out of 40 farms. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in local farms. These farms must implement vaccination, minimize stress factors affecting the fish, and avoid overstocking. The best methods to protect against infection include avoiding overstocking, low oxygen levels, and underqualified labor force.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms in Anatolia, Turkey

et al. 2023

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“…Yersinia ruckeri is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for enteric redmouth disease (ERM), also known as yersiniosis, a widespread fish disease (Altinok et al, 2016;Bastardo et al, 2015). In the United States, Y. ruckeri was first isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the 1950s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic and biochemical approaches have revealed strain differences based on geography (Altinok et al, 2016;Bastardo et al, 2015) and host species (Ormsby et al, 2016). Virulenceassociated loss of motility (biotype 2) appears to have arisen independently in multiple populations and might have been driven by the use of motile biotype 1 strains for vaccination (Bastardo et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue‐specific differences in detection of Yersinia ruckeri carrier status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Sibinga

Marquis

2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Effective monitoring for subclinical infections is a cornerstone of proactive disease management in aquaculture. Salmonid fish that survive enteric redmouth disease (ERM) can carry Yersinia ruckeri as a latent infection for several months, potentially facilitating cryptic spread between facilities that exchange fish. In this study, fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were infected by immersion and sampled for up to 14 weeks post-infection. Yersinia ruckeri was cultured from the posterior kidney of more than 89% of fish up to 4 weeks post-infection, but from 2% or fewer of fish sampled at later time points. In contrast, qPCR-based detection of the Y. ruckeri 16s rRNA gene in intestine and spleen extracts revealed a much higher rate of infection: at 14 weeks post-infection Y. ruckeri was detected in nearly 50% of spleens and 15% of intestines. The difference between spleen and intestine is likely due at least in part to technical limitations of qPCR on intestinal DNA extracts; accordingly, we propose that qPCR of spleen DNA ought to be considered the preferred standard for detection of carriers of Y. ruckeri.

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“…Over the past few decades, ERM has caused substantial economic losses in fish from veterinary costs and mortality [10]. Despite the administration of an effective vaccine to fish, outbreaks continue to occur and are caused by specific bacterial strains [11,12]. However, little is known about the virulence mechanisms of Y. ruckeri .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Yersinia ruckeri TIR Domain-Containing Protein (STIR-2) Mediates Immune Evasion by Targeting the MyD88 Adaptor

Liu

Wei

Wang

et al. 2019

IJMS

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TIR domain-containing proteins are essential for bacterial pathogens to subvert host defenses. This study describes a fish pathogen, Yersinia ruckeri SC09 strain, with a novel TIR domain-containing protein (STIR-2) that affects Toll-like receptor (TLR) function. STIR-2 was identified in Y. ruckeri by bioinformatics analysis. The toxic effects of this gene on fish were determined by in vivo challenge experiments in knockout mutants and complement mutants of the stir-2 gene. In vitro, STIR-2 downregulated the expression and secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, the results of NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter system, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down assays, and yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that STIR-2 inhibited the TLR signaling pathway by interacting with myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). In addition, STIR-2 promoted the intracellular survival of pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri SC09 strain by binding to the TIR adaptor protein MyD88 and inhibiting the pre-inflammatory signal of immune cells. These results showed that STIR-2 increased virulence in Y. ruckeri and suppressed the innate immune response by inhibiting TLR and MyD88-mediated signaling, serving as a novel strategy for innate immune evasion.

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Comparison of molecular and biochemical heterogeneity of Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from Turkey and the USA

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms in Anatolia, Turkey

Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms in Anatolia, Turkey

Tissue‐specific differences in detection of Yersinia ruckeri carrier status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

A Yersinia ruckeri TIR Domain-Containing Protein (STIR-2) Mediates Immune Evasion by Targeting the MyD88 Adaptor

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