Comparison of microwave‐assisted and heat reflux extraction techniques for the extraction of ten major compounds from Zibu Piyin Recipe using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction and efficient ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry were previously used to quickly extract and simultaneously quantify ginsenoside Rf, Ro, and Rd, 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg2 , 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg2 , tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I, lithospermic acid, and osthole from Zibu Piyin Recipe. We here showed that heat reflux extraction provides higher extraction efficiency of these target compounds but is more time consuming. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of water/0.5% formic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and detection was performed by positive and negative ion multiple-reaction monitoring mode. All analytes showed good linearity (r, 0.9989-0.9999) within the test range, with a limit of detection of 0.002-0.180 μg/mL. The overall intra- and interday variations of the ten compounds were ≤2.9%, and the accuracy was evaluated using a recovery test at three concentrations and was in the range 97.61-103.18% (RSD ≤ 4.25%). The analytical results showed remarkable differences in the concentrations of the ten compounds extracted from Zibu Piyin Recipe by microwave-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction. These findings provide important information for determining the quality of Zibu Piyin Recipe.

Comparative analysis of the main bioactive components of Xin-Sheng-Hua granule and its single herbs by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…And the content variation degrees for the different structural types of compounds were gingerols > flavonoids > aromatic acids > alkaloids > phthalides, which might be related to the pharmacological function of XSHG. Compared with some studies on the content changes of main components in TCM formulae after compatibility , the majority of bioactive components in XSHG increased at different degrees, which indicated the XSHG preparation was a reasonable prescription and provided a scientific basis for the wide use of XSHG in clinical practice. And the main causes of these results were analyzed as follows.…”

“…Other chemicals and reagents were analytical grade. Chemical standards including trigonelline (1), stachydrine hydrochloride (2), thymine (3), protocatechuic acid (4), hydroxysafflor yellow A (5), chlorogenic acid (6), amygdalin (7), caffeic acid (8), leonurine hydrochloride (9), rutin (10), p-coumaric acid (11), liquiritin (12), ferulic acid (13), kaempferol-3-O-␤-D-rutinoside (14), zingerone (15), isoliquiritoside (16), senkyunolide I (17), senkyunolide H (18), liquiritigenin (19), quercetin (20), kaempferol (21), glycyrrhizic acid (22), 6-gingerol (23), senkyunolide A (24), ligustilide (25), butylidenephthalide (26), and 6-shogaol (27) were all obtained from Sichuan Shinning Biotech Institute (Chengdu, China). The purity of each reference compound was over 98%, as determined by HPLC with peak area normalization method.…”

Determination of Tanshinones in Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection after pre‐Column Derivatisation

“…As summarised in Table , the sensitivity of the developed method was 22–124 times greater than those of HPLC‐UV methods, 5–37 times greater than those of HPLC‐ECD methods, 15–17 times greater than those of the LC–MS method, 5.5–26 times higher than those of the LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS method and 2–3.4 times higher than those of the LC–MS/MS method reported by Xu et al . (). Although the proposed method was less sensitive when compared to the LC–MS/MS method reported by Zhang et al .…”

“…Many chromatographic methods have been described for simultaneous assay of tanshinones: micellar electrokinetic chromatography with ultraviolet (UV) detection (Cao et al ., ), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection (Chang et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Wang et al ., ), electrochemical detection (ECD) (Chen et al ., , ) and LC with mass spectrometry either with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS) (Chen et al ., ), LC with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) (Xu et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ) or LC with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) (Zhou et al ., ). However, HPLC‐UV methods do not have adequate selectivity and sensitivity to detect trace levels of tanshinones.…”

Rapid and cost-effective method for the simultaneous quantification of seven alkaloids in Corydalis decumbens by microwave-assisted extraction and capillary electrophoresis

“…To achieve rapid determination of multiple alkaloids in Corydalis decumbens, sample preparation is a crucial step. MAE has become a widely used technique for the extraction of bioactive constituents in natural products as reported extensively in the literatures [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Microwaves can pass into the plant tissues and rapidly produce heat to break cells.…”