Comparison of methods for outlier detection and their effects on the classification results for a particular data base

Gómez, María José; Benzo, Z. De; Gomez, Carlos I.; Marcano, E.; Torres, Henry; Ramírez, M. A.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83857-x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Abs, absolute numbers; ↓, decreased compared to control age-matched range. Patient P1 P2 Ig at diagnosis (g/L; range ( Duda et al., 1973 )) IgG 0.46 (4.0-11.0) , IgA 0.45 (0.1-1.6) , IgM 3.24 (0.5-1.8) Unknown T/B/NK cells at diagnosis (abs × 10 9 /L; range ( Gomez et al., 1990 )) T cells 3.66 (0.9-4.5) , CD4 + T cells 0.51 (0.5-2.4) , CD8 + T cells 3.15 (0.3-1.6) , B cells 0.26 (0.2-2.1) , NK cells 0.26 (0.1-1.0) Unknown T/B/NK cells (abs × 10 9 /L; range ( Gomez et al., 1990 )) [B cell subsets in abs, cells/ul] Age 22 CD3 + T cells 0.23 (0.7-2.1); CD4 + T cells 0.1 (0.3-1.4) : Naïve (CD4 + /CD27 + /CD45RA + ) 14.4%, Memory (CD4 + /CD27 + CD45RA − ) 83.6%, Effector Memory (CD4 + /CD27 + /CD45RA +/- ) 2.0%; CD8 + T cells 0.1 (0.2-1.2) : Naïve (CD8 + CD27 + CD45RA + ) 37.7%, Memory (CD8 + /CD27 + /CD45RA − ) 33.2%, Effector Memory (CD8 + /CD27 - /CD45RA +/- ) 29.1%; CD19 + B cells 0.01 (0.1-0.5) : Naïve (IgD + /CD27 - ) 7 (57–447) , Marginal Zone/Natural effector (IgD + /CD27 + ) 1 (9-88), Memory (IgD − /CD27 + ) 1 (13–122) [IgM + 48% (4-37), IgM − 52%]; CD16.56 + CD3 − NK cells 0.04 (0.09-0.6) Age 43 CD3 + T cells 0.53 (0.7-2.1) CD19 + B cells 0.09 (0.1-0.5) : CD16.56 + CD3 − NK cells 0.15 (0.09-0.6) Ig (g/L; range ( …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data points that exceeded 3 scaled median absolute deviations from the median ( isoutlier function in Matlab) of the corresponding class per variable, were considered outliers and excluded from further analysis. Excluded outliers were interpolated with the mean of their corresponding class per variable (mean interpolation) ( Duda et al., 1973 ; Gomez et al., 1990 ) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activated PI3Kδ syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder, leads to sensorimotor deficits recapitulated in a murine model

Serra

Manusama

Kaiser

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family plays a major role in cell signaling and is predominant in leukocytes. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the PIK3CD gene lead to the development of activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. A subset of APDS patients also displays neurodevelopmental delay symptoms, suggesting a potential role of PIK3CD in cognitive and behavioural function. However, the extent and nature of the neurodevelopmental deficits has not been previously quantified. Here, we assessed the cognitive functions of two APDS patients, and investigated the causal role of the PIK3CD GOF mutation in neurological deficits using a murine model of this disease. We used p110δ E1020K knock-in mice, harbouring the most common APDS mutation in patients. We found that APDS patients present with visuomotor deficits, exacerbated by autism spectrum disorder comorbidity, whereas p110δ E1020K mice exhibited impairments in motor behaviour, learning and repetitive behaviour patterning. Our data indicate that PIK3CD GOF mutations increase the risk for neurodevelopmental deficits, supporting previous findings on the interplay between the nervous and the immune system. Further, our results validate the knock-in mouse model, and offer an objective assessment tool for patients that could be incorporated in diagnosis and in the evaluation of treatments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated PI3Kδ syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder, leads to sensorimotor deficits recapitulated in a murine model

Serra

Manusama

Kaiser

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, data points that exceeded 3 scaled median absolute deviations from the median ( isoutlier function in Matlab) of the corresponding class per variable, were considered outliers and excluded from further analysis. Excluded outliers were interpolated with the mean of their corresponding class per variable (mean interpolation) (98,99).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated PI3Kδ syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder, leads to sensorimotor deficits recapitulated in a murine model

Serra

Manusama

Kaiser

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family plays a major role in cell signalling and is predominant in leukocytes. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the PIK3CD gene lead to the development of activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. A subset of APDS patients also displays neurodevelopmental delay symptoms, suggesting a potential role of PIK3CD in cognitive and behavioural function. However, the extent and nature of the neurodevelopmental deficits has not been previously quantified. Here, we assessed the cognitive functions of two APDS patients, and investigated the causal role of the PIK3CD GOF mutation in neurological deficits using a murine model of this disease. We used E1020K knock-in mice, harbouring the most common APDS mutation in patients. We found that APDS patients present with visuomotor deficits, exacerbated by autism spectrum disorder comorbidity, whereas p110δE1020K mice exhibited impairments in motor behaviour, learning and repetitive behaviour patterning. Our data indicate that PIK3CD GOF mutations increase the risk for neurodevelopmental deficits, supporting previous findings on the interplay between the nervous and the immune system. Further, our results validate the knock-in mouse model, and offer an objective assessment tool for patients that could be incorporated in diagnosis and in the evaluation of treatments.

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“…Initially, patellar length measurements were conducted with linear discriminant outlier detection. Thus, data that would be used for gender prediction were cleared of outliers (13). The first 80% of the patellar length measurements were set as the training set and the remaining 20% were set as the test set.…”

Section: Data Cleaning Training and Test Sets And Performance Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Gender by Using Decision Tree, a Machine Learning Algorithm, With Patellar Measurements Obtained From MDCT Images

2021

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The present study aimed to analyze whether gender could be determined with the decision tree (DT) method, a machine learning algorithm, based on patellar multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) image measurements. Material and Methods:The study was conducted on 219 male and 131 female MDCT images. The patellar anteroposterior (Ap), craniocaudal (Cc), transverse (Trv) length and volume (Vol), adjusted on the orthogonal plane by the radiologist, were calculated. In patellar length measurements, initially linear discriminant outliers were detected to clear the data for gender prediction. Accuracy (Acc), Sensitivity (Sen), Specificity (Spe), F1-Score (F1) and Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (Mcc) criteria were taken as the performance criteria for DT. Results: It was determined that male Ap, Trv, Cc, and Vol values were higher when compared to the female values and there was a significant difference between these values based on gender (p Ap, Trv, Cc, Vol = 0.000). Using the above-mentioned measurements, it was calculated that the prediction rate for male individuals was 98.2% and for female individuals, it was 98.4%. Conclusion: DT analysis based on patella morphometry provided a simple, adequate and highly accurate approach for gender estimation. Furthermore, it was determined that it would provide an advantage for researchers in gender prediction using only branching and cut-off values on the tree structure without the need to use a computer.

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Comparison of methods for outlier detection and their effects on the classification results for a particular data base

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Activated PI3Kδ syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder, leads to sensorimotor deficits recapitulated in a murine model

Activated PI3Kδ syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder, leads to sensorimotor deficits recapitulated in a murine model

Activated PI3Kδ syndrome, an immunodeficiency disorder, leads to sensorimotor deficits recapitulated in a murine model

Estimation of Gender by Using Decision Tree, a Machine Learning Algorithm, With Patellar Measurements Obtained From MDCT Images

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