Comparison of Methods for Monitoring Mindarus abietinus (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Their Potential Damage in Christmas Tree Plantations

Kleintjes, Paula K.; Lemoine, Erica E.; Schroeder, J.J.; Solensky, Michelle J.

doi:10.1093/jee/92.3.638

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Most of the retail customers we questioned at a choose-and-cut Þeld stated they did not notice light-to-moderate M. abietinus damage until we pointed it out to them after the survey was completed. This is similar to results reported by Kleintjes et al (1999), who found that retail customers at choose-and-cut Þelds in Wisconsin frequently purchased trees with up to 50% of the shoots damaged by M. abietinus. In our 1999 customer surveys, tree height had a more consistent effect on the customerÕs choice of tree than M. abietinus damage.…”

Section: Fieldsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Branch tips were dissected under a microscope and all aphids were removed (Varty 1966(Varty , 1968. In 1999, we also tested a nondestructive sample method (similar to Kleintjes et al 1999). On two sides of each tree, we rapped the foliage three times with a dowel and counted aphids falling onto black cloth held in an embroidery hoop 22.9 cm in diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early-season scouting would be useful for determining whether insecticide applications or other controls are warranted, but only if the density of M. abietinus fundatrices could be used to predict subsequent shoot damage. Kleintjes et al (1999), using a sampling method of rapping foliage over an embroidery hoop covered with black cloth, reported that collection of two or more fundatrices from a tree was associated with subsequent damage to roughly 50% of shoots. Using a similar sampling method, we found that counts of fundatrices were often but not always correlated with sexuparae density, whereas the relationship between density of fundatrices and subsequent shoot damage varied.…”

Section: Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies note that M. abietinus can reduce the appearance and value of Christmas trees (Saunders 1969, Bradbury and Osgood 1986, Kleintjes 1997a, Kleintjes et al 1999, but the density of M. abietinus or the amount of damage associated with esthetic or economic loss (Pedigo et al 1986, Raupp et al 1988 has not been determined. In addition, trees can outgrow up to 55% of M. abietinus damage by late summer, and shearing typically removes some damaged shoots (Nettleton and Hain 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insecticide sprays are often applied only after damaged shoots are observed (Kleintjes 1997a,b). At this point, however, the sexuparae are usually well protected by foliage, and needles have already been damaged (Kleintjes 1997a, Kleintjes et al 1999, Berthiaume et al 2001.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenology and Density of Balsam Twig Aphid, <I>Mindarus abietinus</I> Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Relation to Bud Break, Shoot Damage, and Value of Fir Christmas Trees

Fondren¹,

McCullough²

2003

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The balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a major insect pest of balsam and Fraser fir grown for Christmas trees. Our objectives in this study were to 1) monitor the phenology of A. abietinus in fir plantations; 2) assess relationships among M. abietinus density, tree phenology, and damage to tree foliage; and 3) develop an esthetic injury level for M. abietinus on Christmas trees. We monitored phenology of M. abietinus and fir trees on three commercial Christmas tree plantations in central and northern Lower Michigan for 3 yr (1999-2001). Phenology of M. abietinus fundatrices and sexuparae was strongly correlated with accumulated degree-days (DD) base 10 degrees C. Fundatrices matured by approximately 83 DD(10 degrees C) and sexuparae were first observed at approximately 83-111 DD(10 degrees C). Trees that broke bud approximately 1 wk later than other trees in the same field escaped M. abietinus damage and shoot expansion rate in spring was generally positively correlated with M. abietinus damage. Retail customers surveyed at a choose-and-cut Christmas plantation in 2 yr did not consistently differentiate between similarly sized trees with no, light, and moderate M. abietinus damage, but heavy damage (>50% damaged shoots) did affect customer perception. Similarly, when wholesale grades were assigned, the high quality Grade 1 trees had up to 40% shoot damage, whereas Grade 2 trees had 32-62% shoot damage. Two trees ranked as unsaleable had sparse canopies and distorted needles on 42% to almost 100% of the shoots.

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Section: Fieldsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenology and Density of Balsam Twig Aphid, <I>Mindarus abietinus</I> Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Relation to Bud Break, Shoot Damage, and Value of Fir Christmas Trees

Fondren¹,

McCullough²

2003

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Phenology and Density of Balsam Twig Aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Relation to Bud Break, Shoot Damage, and Value of Fir Christmas Trees

Fondren

McCullough

2003

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Embryonic stage of obligatory diapause and effects of abiotic conditions on egg hatching in the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus

Doherty

Guay

Cloutier

2018

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Diapause‐mediated dormancy in overwintering insect eggs has rarely been studied with regard to the ecological factors controlling postdiapause development. In insects of temperate latitudes, water availability at the end of winter, in interaction with temperature, could control the resumption of development for insect stages in postdiapause quiescence. The balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), overwinters as eggs in southern Québec, Canada, on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Miller (Pinaceae), in Christmas tree plantations, where it is known as a pest. Previous work has shown that eggs of this aphid maintain low water content during winter, presumably to survive sub‐zero temperatures. Conversely, in late winter and early spring, they passively or actively absorb surrounding moisture, which is accompanied by notable changes in size, shape, and fresh mass. The primary objective here was to determine the embryonic stage at which winter diapause starts and is maintained in M. abietinus, a relatively primitive aphid. Secondly, we tested the hypothesis that free water availability to postdiapause eggs, in combination with temperatures above developmental threshold, is essential for embryonic development and hatching, by experimentally soaking field‐collected eggs in water at controlled frequencies. We observed that embryogenesis starts at the time of egg laying and stops after a few days, before the anatrepsis stage of blastokinesis is complete, when the germ band has not yet entirely immersed itself into the yolk. We also found that water surrounding overwintered eggs on fir shoots, in interaction with temperature regime, significantly increases M. abietinus egg hatching rates. Potential impacts of environmental factors such as precipitation are discussed in relation to M. abietinus egg hatching rates and potential for population growth in spring.

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Comparison of Methods for Monitoring Mindarus abietinus (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Their Potential Damage in Christmas Tree Plantations

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Phenology and Density of Balsam Twig Aphid, <I>Mindarus abietinus</I> Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Relation to Bud Break, Shoot Damage, and Value of Fir Christmas Trees

Phenology and Density of Balsam Twig Aphid, <I>Mindarus abietinus</I> Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Relation to Bud Break, Shoot Damage, and Value of Fir Christmas Trees

Phenology and Density of Balsam Twig Aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Relation to Bud Break, Shoot Damage, and Value of Fir Christmas Trees

Embryonic stage of obligatory diapause and effects of abiotic conditions on egg hatching in the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus

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