Comparison of methods for evaluation of aerosol deposition in the model of human lungs

Bělka, Miloslav; Lippay, Josef; Lízal, František; Jedelský, Jan; Jícha, Miroslav

doi:10.1051/epjconf/20146702006

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The aerosol deposition experiments carried out in this work are based on the works by Belka et al (2014) and Lizal et al (2015) with a modified quantification technique for multicomponent aerosols. The experimental procedure comprises the following main steps: (1) Lung cast model preparation, (2) Aerosol generation and exposure, (3) Extraction of deposited mass, (4) Chemical quantification, and (5) Data processing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent aerosol particle deposition in a realistic cast of the human upper respiratory tract

Nordlund

Bělka

Kuczaj

et al. 2017

Inhalation Toxicology

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Inhalation of aerosols generated by electronic cigarettes leads to deposition of multiple chemical compounds in the human airways. In this work, an experimental method to determine regional deposition of multicomponent aerosols in an in vitro segmented, realistic human lung geometry was developed and applied to two aerosols, i.e. a monodisperse glycerol aerosol and a multicomponent aerosol. The method comprised the following steps: (1) lung cast model preparation, (2) aerosol generation and exposure, (3) extraction of deposited mass, (4) chemical quantification and (5) data processing. The method showed good agreement with literature data for the deposition efficiency when using a monodisperse glycerol aerosol, with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.3 lm and a constant flow rate of 15 L/min. The highest deposition surface density rate was observed in the bifurcation segments, indicating inertial impaction deposition. The experimental method was also applied to the deposition of a nebulized multicomponent aerosol with a MMAD of 0.50 lm and a constant flow rate of 15 L/min. The deposited amounts of glycerol, propylene glycol and nicotine were quantified. The three analyzed compounds showed similar deposition patterns and fractions as for the monodisperse glycerol aerosol, indicating that the compounds most likely deposited as parts of the same droplets. The developed method can be used to determine regional deposition for multicomponent aerosols, provided that the compounds are of low volatility. The generated data can be used to validate aerosol deposition simulations and to gain insight in deposition of electronic cigarette aerosols in human airways. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent aerosol particle deposition in a realistic cast of the human upper respiratory tract

Nordlund

Bělka

Kuczaj

et al. 2017

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…However, due to the complexity of the flow in the respiratory tract, simplified models have been developed to understand the characteristics of the flow. A consistent simplification in respiratory fluid dynamics research is the omission of the undulations introduced by the cartilage rings, that is, the use of smooth walls [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 10 , 22 , 24 , 32 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cartilaginous rings in tracheal flow with stenosis

et al. 2023

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Background In respiratory fluid dynamics research, it is typically assumed that the wall of the trachea is smooth. However, the trachea is structurally supported by a series of cartilaginous rings that create undulations on the wall surface, which introduce perturbations into the flow. Even though many studies use realistic Computer Tomography (CT) scan data to capture the complex geometry of the respiratory system, its limited spatial resolution does not resolve small features, including those introduced by the cartilaginous rings. Results Here we present an experimental comparison of two simplified trachea models with Grade II stenosis (70% blockage), one with smooth walls and second with cartilaginous rings. The use a unique refractive index-matching method provides unprecedented optical access and allowed us to perform non-intrusive velocity field measurements close to the wall (e.g., Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)). Measurements were performed in a flow regime comparable to a resting breathing state (Reynolds number ReD = 3350). The cartilaginous rings induce velocity fluctuations in the downstream flow, enhancing the near-wall transport of momentum flux and thus reducing flow separation in the downstream flow. The maximum upstream velocity in the recirculation region is reduced by 38%, resulting in a much weaker recirculation zone— a direct consequence of the cartilaginous rings. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of the cartilaginous rings in respiratory flow studies and the mechanism to reduce flow separation in trachea stenosis.

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Flow Recirculation in Cartilaginous Ring Cavities of Human Trachea Model

Evans

Castillo

2018

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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The detection of recirculation zones in the cartilage ring cavities sheds light on the particle deposition mechanism and helps explain results from previous studies that have observed an enhancement of particle deposition in models with cartilage rings. These results bring to light the importance of including cartilage rings in experimental, numerical, and theoretical models to better understand particle deposition in the trachea and bronchi. In addition, the results provide scientists and medical staff with new insights for improving drug delivery.

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Comparison of methods for evaluation of aerosol deposition in the model of human lungs

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Multicomponent aerosol particle deposition in a realistic cast of the human upper respiratory tract

Multicomponent aerosol particle deposition in a realistic cast of the human upper respiratory tract

Effect of cartilaginous rings in tracheal flow with stenosis

Flow Recirculation in Cartilaginous Ring Cavities of Human Trachea Model

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