Comparison of Metalworking Fluid Mist Exposures from Machining with Different Levels of Machine Enclosure

Hands, David; Sheehan, Maura J.; Wong, Ben; Lick, Henry B.

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(1996)057<1173:comfme>2.0.co;2

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The effect of engineering controls on total aerosol levels has also varied across studies. Originally equipped machines (OEMs) were reported to be associated with significantly lower exposure levels than retrofitted enclosures or machines with few or no enclosures (median 5 0.21 versus 0.45 and 0.48 mg m À3 , respectively, P , 0.05) (Hands et al, 1996). This finding was supported by studies reporting differences before and after upgrades (GM 5 2.24 versus 0.19 mg m À3 , respectively, P , 0.0001), on an old versus new transfer line (0.49 versus 0.26 mg m À3 , respectively, P 5 0.003) (Sheehan and Hands, 2007) and on machines using old versus new technology (Dasch et al, 2005).…”

Section: Summary Of Determinants From the Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The effect of engineering controls on aerosol levels also varied. OEM enclosures with unspecified LEV (Hands et al, 1996;Piacitelli et al, 2001) and enclosures without LEV (Lillienberg et al, 2008) were significantly associated with a reduction in aerosol exposure levels in some studies. The presence of enclosures without LEV, however, also was found not to have a significant effect (Piacitelli et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Exposure to Metalworking Fluid Aerosols: A Literature Review and Analysis of Reported Measurements

Park

Stewart²,

Coble³

2009

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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An extensive literature review of published metalworking fluid (MWF) aerosol measurement data was conducted to identify the major determinants that may affect exposure to aerosol fractions (total or inhalable, thoracic and respirable) and mass median diameters (MMDs). The identification of determinants was conducted through published studies and analysis of published measurement levels. For the latter, weighted arithmetic means (WAMs) by number of measurements were calculated and compared using analysis of variance and t-tests. The literature review found that the major factors affecting aerosol exposure levels were, primarily, decade, type of industry, operation and fluid and engineering control measures. Our analysis of total aerosol levels found a significant decline in measured levels from an average of 5.36 mg m(-3) prior to the 1970s and 2.52 mg m(-3) in the 1970s to 1.21 mg m(-3) in the 1980s, 0.50 mg m(-3) in the 1990s and 0.55 mg m(-3) in the 2000s. Significant declines from the 1990s to the 2000s also were found in thoracic fraction levels (0.48 versus 0.40 mg m(-3)), but not for the respirable fraction. The WAMs for the auto (1.47 mg m(-3)) and auto parts manufacturing industry (1.83 mg m(-3)) were significantly higher than that for small-job machine shops (0.68 mg m(-3)). In addition, a significant difference in the thoracic WAM was found between the automotive industry (0.46 mg m(-3)) and small-job machine shops (0.32 mg m(-3)). Operation type, in particular, grinding, was a significant factor affecting the total aerosol fraction [grinding operations (1.75 mg m(-3)) versus other machining (0.95 mg m(-3))], but the levels associated with these operations were not statistically different for either the thoracic or the respirable fractions. Across all decades, the total aerosol fraction for straight oils (1.49 mg m(-3)) was higher than for other fluid types (soluble = 1.08 mg m(-3), synthetic = 0.52 mg m(-3) and semisynthetic = 0.50 mg m(-3)). Fluid type was also found to be partly associated with differences in the respirable fraction level. We found that the total aerosols were measured by a variety of sampling media, devices and analytical methods. This diversity of approaches makes interpretation of the study results difficult. In conclusion, both the literature review and the measurement data analyzed found that decade and type of industry, operation and fluid were important determinants of total aerosol exposure. Industry type and fluid type were associated with differences in exposure to the thoracic and respirable fraction levels, respectively.

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Section: Summary Of Determinants From the Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Exposure to Metalworking Fluid Aerosols: A Literature Review and Analysis of Reported Measurements

Park

Stewart²,

Coble³

2009

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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“…Präventivmedizinisch ergibt sich für Arbeitsplätze mit Bohroder Schleifwasseraerosolexposition neben einer regelmäßigen Wasserhygiene (Wasserwechsel, Biozidanwendung, mikrobiologische Untersuchungen) die notwendige Überlegung, ob durch eine Kapselung entsprechender Maschinen die Wassernebelkonzentrationen zu vermindern sind [6]. Im konkreten Fall sind durch den Unfallversicherungträger solche Präventionsmaßnahmen nach § 3 der Berufskrankheitenverordnung erforderlich, um der "Gefahr, daß eine Berufskrankheit entsteht, wiederauflebt oder sich verschlimmert", entgegenzuwirken [8].…”

Section: Schlußfolgerungenunclassified

Abszedierende Pneumonie durch Pseudomonas aeruginosa als Berufskrankheit bei einem Bohrwerksdreher

Zell

Mack²,

Sommerfeld³

et al. 1999

Pneumologie

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We report the case of a 29-year-old man without immunodeficiency who acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia complicated by pulmonary abscess. The source of infection could be identified as aerosolized metalworking fluid at his workplace contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high titer of specific IgG antibodies (type-III-sensitization, Gell & Coombs) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been identified in the patients serum as an indicator for longstanding occupational airborne exposure to contaminated metalworking fluid. This community-acquired pneumonia has been reported to the industrial injuries insurance as an occupational disease for discussion of legal consequences and development of effective measures of prevention.

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“…Metalworking fluids are commonly used for lubrication, cooling, chip flushing, and part corrosion protection in machining operations. Metalworking fluid mists are a recognized occupational health hazard [13,14]. Dermal exposure to cutting fluids may cause a variety of skin ailments.…”

Section: Machiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global perspective on the environmental challenges facing the automotive industry: state-of-the-art and directions for the future

Sutherland

Gunter

Allen

et al. 2004

IJVD

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With support from the US National Science Foundation and Department of Energy, a global benchmarking study of the status of Environmentally Benign Manufacturing (EBM) has recently been completed. The study [1], completed under the aegis of the World Technology Evaluation Center at Loyola College in Maryland, gathered information on research and development around the world aimed at developing alternative methods for materials processing with the purpose of minimizing toxic material generation and optimizing products and by-products for sustainability and reuse characteristics. The study reviewed the current status of EBM research, development, and applications in the United States, Japan, and Europe with a view towards evaluating the competitive status of US efforts. Information was acquired from the technical literature as well as through visits to industry, national laboratories, universities, etc. One area of focus within the study was the automotive industry. This paper summarizes many of the key findings from the global benchmarking study that relate to the automotive industry and identifies areas that require attention for the future.

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Comparison of Metalworking Fluid Mist Exposures from Machining with Different Levels of Machine Enclosure

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Determinants of Exposure to Metalworking Fluid Aerosols: A Literature Review and Analysis of Reported Measurements

Determinants of Exposure to Metalworking Fluid Aerosols: A Literature Review and Analysis of Reported Measurements

Abszedierende Pneumonie durch Pseudomonas aeruginosa als Berufskrankheit bei einem Bohrwerksdreher

A global perspective on the environmental challenges facing the automotive industry: state-of-the-art and directions for the future

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