Comparison of melting in three and two dimensions: Microscopy of colloidal spheres

Murray, Cherry A.; Sprenger, W. O.; Wenk, R. A.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.688

Cited by 189 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In non-equilibrium, a wall may act as a center of heterogeneous nucleation (favored by the excess surface-energy already offered by the wall/nucleus interface) and initiate crystal growth. Most of our experimental knowledge of freezing in a confining slit-like geometry is based on real-space measurements of mesoscopic model systems such as charged colloidal suspensions between glass plates [147,148]. In this section, different relevant achievements in the field of confined charged colloidal crystals are discussed.…”

Section: Confined Crystalline Colloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatics in soft matter

Messina

2009

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

197

216

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Abstract. Recent progress in the understanding of the effect of electrostatics in soft matter is presented. A vast amount of materials contains ions ranging from the molecular scale (e.g., electrolyte) to the meso/macroscopic one (e.g., charged colloidal particles or polyelectrolytes). Their (micro)structure and physicochemical properties are especially dictated by the famous and redoubtable long-ranged Coulomb interaction. In particular theoretical and simulational aspects, including the experimental motivations, will be discussed.

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Section: Confined Crystalline Colloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatics in soft matter

Messina

2009

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

197

216

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“…Two-dimensional (2D) physical systems include electrons on a liquid helium surface [1], colloids [2], granular fluids [3], and dusty plasmas [4]. In experiments and simulations, elastic properties, such as transverse waves [5,6], and transport properties, such as viscosity η [7][8][9], have been studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in colloids [2] and granular fluids [3], they allow video microscopy to track the x i and v i of individual particles. They also provide both elastic and viscous effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Viscoelasticity of 2D Liquids Quantified in a Dusty Plasma Experiment

2010

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The viscoelasticity of two-dimensional liquids is quantified in an experiment using a dusty plasma. An experimental method is demonstrated for measuring the wavenumber-dependent viscosity, η(k), which is a quantitative indicator of viscoelasticity. Using an expression generalized here to include friction, η(k) is computed from the transverse current autocorrelation function (TCAF), which is found by tracking random particle motion. The TCAF exhibits an oscillation that is a signature of elastic contributions to viscoelasticity. Simulations of a Yukawa liquid are consistent with the experiment.

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“…Colloidal crystals are an ideal system for studying a variety of issues that arise in two-dimensional (2D) systems such as melting [1], defect dynamics [2], and ordering on 2D [3] and 1D [4] periodic substrates. A particular advantage of this system is that, due to the particle size, the individual colloid positions and motions can be directly observed, unlike other systems in which this information is generally inaccessible.…”

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confidence: 99%

Local Melting and Drag for a Particle Driven through a Colloidal Crystal

Reichhardt

2004

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We numerically investigate a colloidal particle driven through a colloidal crystal as a function of temperature. When the charge of the driven particle is larger or comparable to that of the colloids comprising the crystal, a local melting can occur, characterized by defect generation in the lattice surrounding the driven particle. The generation of the defects is accompanied by an increase in the drag force on the driven particle, as well as large noise fluctuations. We discuss the similarities of these results to the peak effect phenomena observed for vortices in superconductors. PACS numbers: 82.70. Dd, 74.25.Qt Colloidal crystals are an ideal system for studying a variety of issues that arise in two-dimensional (2D) systems such as melting [1], defect dynamics [2], and ordering on 2D [3] and 1D [4] periodic substrates. A particular advantage of this system is that, due to the particle size, the individual colloid positions and motions can be directly observed, unlike other systems in which this information is generally inaccessible.Recently there has been growing interest in controlling colloids individually or in small groups by means of optical techniques such as holographic optical trap arrays [5]. With such methods, individual colloids can be captured and moved, or collections of colloids can be driven through single traps or periodic arrays of traps [6][7][8]. Alternative methods for driving individual colloids include moving single magnetic particles through assemblies of non-magnetic colloids [9]. These methods of manipulating and driving individual colloids offer a wealth of new ways to explore the dynamical properties of colloidal crystals and glasses, and can also be used to manipulate particles in other systems such as dusty plasmas [10] A relatively simple example of manipulating single colloids to probe collective properties of a surrounding colloidal crystal is to drive a single colloid through a crystalline array of other colloids. One question that arises in this system is how the size of the driven particle affects both its motion and the response of the surrounding colloids. A very small driven particle is unlikely to generate enough stress in the surrounding lattice to create defects, and therefore the driven particle motion and the response of the system will be elastic. As the particle size or the temperature is increased, defect generation may become possible and a transition to plastic flow can occur. The defects may remain localized near the driven particle and strongly affect the frictional drag. The drag should also depend on the orientation of the driving direction with respect to the colloidal lattice. For example, in a triangular lattice, easy flow directions should occur along 60 • angles. Work on systems of particles flowing over different orientations of rigid substrates has shown that a series of magic angles can arise where the flow locks into particular orientations [7].By studying colloids moving through a periodic substrate created by other colloids, it may be possible...

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Comparison of melting in three and two dimensions: Microscopy of colloidal spheres

Cited by 189 publications

References 35 publications

Electrostatics in soft matter

Electrostatics in soft matter

Viscoelasticity of 2D Liquids Quantified in a Dusty Plasma Experiment

Local Melting and Drag for a Particle Driven through a Colloidal Crystal

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