Comparison of mechanical properties of beta-titanium wires between leveled and unleveled brackets: an in vitro study

Abstract

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to evaluate the force-deflection behavior of beta-titanium alloy wires between two leveled and unleveled bracket alignment scenarios using a three-point bending test.MethodsSix groups of ten beta-titanium alloy wire segments (0.017 × 0.025-in. diameter) of different manufacturers (Orthometric, Ortho Organizers, GAC, Morelli, and Ormco) were used. Both brackets were bonded to an acrylic jig with a 10-mm interbracket distance. A 1-mm deflection test in two hypothetical conditions (with aligned brackets and by simulating a 2-mm horizontal displacement of the brackets) was explored. Forces of activation and deactivation of the wires during both tests were compared by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests followed by a Tukey test.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found in the force-deflection behavior between some of the wires in both simulated in vitro conditions. For the leveled-type alignment scenario, the differences between wires were up to 70 g (range 110 to 179 g). For the unleveled-type alignment scenario, these differences were up to 65 g (range 111 to 175 g).ConclusionsThe study showed some significant differences in forces generated during activation and deactivation among the five types of beta-titanium wires tested. In comparing leveled and unleveled brackets during activation, only Orthometric Beta Flexy and Ormco Beta-titanium were different between them.

M/F Changes after T-loop Upper Horizontal Bending in Segmented Arch Mechanics

“…Closing loops in these settings allows the successive replication of these conditions, with minimum friction and high control of tooth movement (Burstone, 1982;Kuhlberg & Burstone, 1997;Nanda et al, 2005). Betatitanium (β-Ti) (Goldberg & Burstone 1979;Burstone & Goldberg 1980), presents an unique combination of biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, good formability, low stiffness, and adequate spring back with low permanent deformation, which are characteristics of ideal closing loop arches (Kapila & Sachdeva, 1989;Juvvadi et al, 2010;Insabralde et al, 2014). A controlled inclination movement -instead of translation (Burstone) is applied from initial stages of space closure in such cases (Martins et al, 2009).…”

“…A controlled inclination movement -instead of translation (Burstone) is applied from initial stages of space closure in such cases (Martins et al, 2009). β-Ti T-type loops produce controlled orthodontic tooth movements in a time-efficient way (Gurgel et al, 2001), through the delivery of determined force systems that facilitate individualized or en-masse retraction (Insabralde et al;Felemban et al, 2013). However, a significant decrease of force after 3 mm of deactivation is regularly found in clinical settings (Menghi et al, 1999;Viecilli, 2006;Almeida et al, 2016).…”

Comparison of mechanical properties of three orthodontic wires between levelled and unlevelled brackets: An in vitro study

“…No study was conducted in the past to compare the LDR between levelled and unlevelled brackets between NiTi, Betatitanium and CuNiTi wires, but studies conducted to find the load deflection between levelled and unlevelled brackets for different brands of Betatitanium wires. (11) Table 2 shows that during loading the difference of LDR between levelled and unlevelled brakctes in NiTi wire was 0.1 Newtons, betatitanium wire was 0.2 Newtons and CuNiTi wire is 1.5 newtons. Table 3 shows that during unloading the difference of LDR between levelled and unlevelled brackets in NiTi wire was 0.2 Newtons, betatitanium wire was 0.3 Newtons and CuNiTi wire is 0.5 newtons.…”

“…In the first part of the experiment the brackets were placed parallel to each other ( Fig. 1) and in the second part of the experiment brackets were displaced 2mm in order to simulate the malaligned teeth (11) (Fig. 2).…”

Evaluation of the load system produced by a single intrusion bend in a maxillary lateral incisor bracket with different alloys

“…Small bends or twists in the finishing phase with beta-titanium produces lower forces compared with SS (approximately 40% less) and may undergo twice the deflection without permanent deformation. 2 Other resilient wires, such as the nickel-titanium tubing of beta-titanium 3 (Flexy-Multi, Orthometric, Marília, Brazil, produced by Beijing Smart Technology, Beijing, China), designed to be used for finishing may prove to be equally useful for the that specific stage. Despite the large number of studies comparing orthodontic wires of various alloys, most of them used a three-point bending test in the methods, with free extremities.…”