Comparison of Measured and Predicted Infiltration Using the LBL Infiltration Model

Sherman, Max H.; Modera, Mark

doi:10.1520/stp19654s

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory model (30) was used in air infiltration predictions. It adds in quadrature the infiltration rates due to indoor-outdoor temperature differences (stack effect) and wind speed (v) (Equation (2)).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Soil Moisture on Seasonal Variation in Indoor Radon Concentration: Modelling and Measurements in 326 Finnish Houses

Arvela

Holmgren

Hänninen

2015

Radiat Prot Dosimetry

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The effect of soil moisture on seasonal variation in soil air and indoor radon is studied. A brief review of the theory of the effect of soil moisture on soil air radon has been presented. The theoretical estimates, together with soil moisture measurements over a period of 10 y, indicate that variation in soil moisture evidently is an important factor affecting the seasonal variation in soil air radon concentration. Partitioning of radon gas between the water and air fractions of soil pores is the main factor increasing soil air radon concentration. On two example test sites, the relative standard deviation of the calculated monthly average soil air radon concentration was 17 and 26 %. Increased soil moisture in autumn and spring, after the snowmelt, increases soil gas radon concentrations by 10-20 %. In February and March, the soil gas radon concentration is in its minimum. Soil temperature is also an important factor. High soil temperature in summer increased the calculated soil gas radon concentration by 14 %, compared with winter values. The monthly indoor radon measurements over period of 1 y in 326 Finnish houses are presented and compared with the modelling results. The model takes into account radon entry, climate and air exchange. The measured radon concentrations in autumn and spring were higher than expected and it can be explained by the seasonal variation in the soil moisture. The variation in soil moisture is a potential factor affecting markedly to the high year-to-year variation in the annual or seasonal average radon concentrations, observed in many radon studies.

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confidence: 99%

“…Q is the total infiltration (m 3 h 21 ), ELA is the effective leakage area, f sr is the stack parameter and f wr is the wind parameter. Typical values of these parameters have been used (30) : f sr is 0.12 m s 21 K 21/2 and f wr is 0.13. The meteorological data used is from Jokioinen, located 100 km northwest of Helsinki.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Moisture on Seasonal Variation in Indoor Radon Concentration: Modelling and Measurements in 326 Finnish Houses

Arvela

Holmgren

Hänninen

2015

Radiat Prot Dosimetry

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“…It is used to dimension the energy load due to air infiltrations by means of energy simulation softwares. Normalized infiltration indicators are established for the purpose of this study, according to the following criteria: i) Normalized infiltration indicators of the building obtained with the LBL Model developed in Lawrence Berkley Laboratories (Sherman & Modera, 1986). These rates are characteristic of a given building type and zone or location where it is placed.…”

Section: Determination Of Normalized Infiltrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of Acceptable Air Tightness Classes for Buildings in Chile

et al. 2014

Revista de la Construcción

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In order to limit the energy demands the building ordinances establish requirements for reducing to acceptable levels the energy losses and/or gains. This situation obliges to define acceptable standards for thermal parameters. This report covered the evaluation of representative samples of Chilean homes built in 2007 and 2010 in the 54 provincial capitals of the country. A sample of 191 units was determined, representative of the construction, materials and housing architecture in Chile. Experimental techniques were used (Blower Door test) for obtaining air tightness of samples; numerical models (LBL Model) for relating the air tightness properties with the weather characteristics of every province in order to obtain infiltration coefficient classified by type of construction and province; simulation techniques (Thermal Analysis Simulation Software) for determining the energy demand of housing The Air Tightness classes are established combining two criteria: the one that measures the current state of air tightness of housings and other that limits the infiltration demand to a limit value that explains itself economically.Keywords: Air Tightness, Residential Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Infiltration, Class SCOPEBuildings are essential components of society and economy. They offer safe spaces and environments that have thermal protections for the development of human activity. From a purely energy point of view, a building can be conceptualized as a technological product designed and created for supplying services that demand energy and whose construction and operation during its lifetime and following demolition has impacts on the environment. 45% of the energy produced worldwide is used for heating, cooling, lightening and ventilating buildings. The consequence is that 50% of global warming is prod87uced by fossil fuels consume in buildings (The Aalborg Commitments, 1994). In Chile the building sector is responsible for 26% of the final use of energy, for 34% of production of solid waste, for 33% of greenhouse gas emissions and for 6% of water use (Minvu, 2013). As a result, the energy demand of buildings has also important ethic and social dimensions that cannot be omitted.The legal and political systems in practically all countries require buildings to have socially acceptable performance. This is frequently achieved stating minimum requirements related to objectives of safety, health, energy saving and sustainability among others. The laws usually include these ordinances in norms, technical itemized, regulations or ordinances that are the judicial tools destined to guarantee that the building, once built and in use according to these tools, offers socially acceptable performances for the users and the community (Meacham, B.J., et al., 2002). To do this, it is also essential to make inspections and regulatory controls of design, construction and operation of the building in its different stages.In practice, establishing minimum requirements of energy performance raises the issue of optimizing the r...

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“…To reduce the necessary input data required by detailed infiltration models, researchers have developed a variety of simplified models. Most of these models, including the one developed at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory [2], simulate infiltration associated with single-cell structures. (Air flow in a building that can be described as one fully-mixed space without any internal flow restrictions and no pressure gradients in the horizontal direction can also be calculated by using single-cell infiltration models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%